新概念英语3_le31-33

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[00:00.00]喜欢chazidian.com，就把chazidian.com复制到QQ个人资料中！Lesson 41 Training elephants
[00:02.69]训练大象
[00:05.38]First listen and then answer the following question.
[00:07.86]听录音,然后回答以下问题.
[00:10.34]At what point does the training of a captive wild elephant begin?
[00:13.57]到什么情况下,才能开始对捕来的野象进行训练?
[00:16.80]Two main techniques have been used for training elephants,
[00:19.44]驯象有两种主要的方法,
[00:22.07]which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle.
[00:24.95]我们分别称之为强硬法和温柔法.
[00:27.82]The former method simply consists of setting an elephant to work
[00:30.85]强硬法就是驱使象去干活,
[00:33.88]and beating him until he does what is expected of him.
[00:36.61]把它打到顺从为止.
[00:39.34]Apart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training,
[00:42.97]且不说道义问题,这本身就是一种愚蠢的训练方法,
[00:46.60]for it produces a resentful animal
[00:48.78]因为这种方法训练会使动物反感,
[00:50.96]who at a later stage may well turn man-killer.
[00:53.54]在以后某个时期可能会变成伤人的动物.
[00:56.11]The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages,
[00:58.89]温柔法要求在最初阶段保持较大的耐心,
[01:01.68]but produce a cheerful good-tempered elephant
[01:04.26]但这种方法可以训练出性情愉快,脾气温顺,
[01:06.85]who will give many years of loyal service
[01:09.03]能忠实为人服务多年的大象.
[01:11.21]The first essential in elephant training
[01:15.65]is to assign to the animal a single mahout
[01:18.33]驯象中至关重要的是指派一名专门的驯象员,
[01:21.01]who will be entirely responsible for the job.
[01:23.19]全面负责这项工作.
[01:25.37]Elephants like to have one master just as dogs do,
[01:28.35]大象和狗一样,喜欢有一个专一的主人,
[01:31.32]and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection.
[01:34.35]而且会对主人产生相当深厚的私人感情.
[01:37.38]There are even stories of half-trained elephant calves
[01:40.02]甚至有这样的故事:训练了一半的小象,
[01:42.66]who have refused to feed and pined to death
[01:45.04]拒绝吃食,消瘦至死,
[01:47.42]when by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer.
[01:50.94]起因是由于不可避免的情况与它们的主人分离.
[01:54.47]Such extreme cases must probably be taken with a grain of salt,
[01:57.66]这种极端的事例虽不可全信,
[02:00.84]but they do underline the general principle
[02:03.06]但强调了一项基本原则:
[02:05.28]that the relationship between elephant
[02:09.36]and mahout is the key to successful training.
[02:12.04]象和驯象员之间的关系是驯象成功与否的关键.
[02:14.71]The most economical age to capture an elephant for training
[02:17.64]捕捉大象进行驯练最经济的象龄
[02:20.56]is between 15 and 20 years,
[02:22.69]15至20岁之间
[02:24.82]for it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work
[02:27.46]这个年龄的象差不多已能干重活,
[02:30.10]and can begin to earn its keep straight away
[02:32.37]可以很快挣回饲养它的开支.
[02:34.64]But animals of this age do not easily become subservient to man,
[02:37.96]但这个年龄的象不易驯服
[02:41.28]and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages.
[02:44.15]因此开始阶段需要有一位强有力的老手.
[02:47.03]The captive elephant,still roped to a tree,
[02:49.46]捕来拴在树上的大象,
[02:51.89]plunges and screams every time a man approaches,
[02:54.62]每当有人走近它时,就会向前猛冲并发出尖叫,
[02:57.35]and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear.
[03:00.73]甚至一连几天由于愤怒和恐惧而拒绝进食.
[03:04.11]is tethered nearby to give the wild one confidence,
[03:06.75]有时,把一头已驯服的象拴在旁边能给野象以信心.
[03:09.39]and in most cases the captive gradually quietens down
[03:15.34]and begins to accept its food.
[03:17.17]在大多数情况下,刚捕来的象会慢慢静下来,接着开始吃食.
[03:19.00]The next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment,
[03:21.93]下一步就是把象带到训练场所,
[03:24.85]a ticklish business which is achieved
[03:26.92]这是一件棘手的事,
[03:28.98]with the aid of two tame elephants roped to the captive on either side.
[03:32.31]需要在它两侧拴上两头驯服的大象帮忙才能完成.
[03:35.64]When several elephants are being trained at one time,