倒装:
英语的一般语序为:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 。有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序,如将谓语动词放到主语的前面,就称为倒装。因语法需要的倒装称为语法倒装,例如英语中的疑问句多采用倒装形式,如Are you a doctor or an engineer? 因修辞需要,如为了强调、句子结构均衡或承上启下等目的倒装,称为修辞性倒装,例如On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house. 。
就应试而言,以下倒装现象应给予特别注意:
1) not, not until, never, no, no sooner, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few 等 否定词开头的句子,比较:
例1
正常语序:I shall never forget the first days at college.
倒装语序:Never shall I forget the first days at college.
例2
正常语序:I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently.
倒装语序:Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is.
以上两个句子采用倒装语序的主要目的是为了强调。
在这一节中,要特别注意以下三个倒装句型:
not until ,见以上例2
no sooner than,例如:
No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions.
hardly when ,与 no sooner than句型的意思和用法相同,就是不要把搭配搞错了,既:
Hardly had she finished reading the poem when the students began to ask her questions.
2)介词 + no否定词开头的句子, 比较:
正常语序:I shall not do anything against the interests of the country under any circumstances.
倒装语序:Under no circumstances shall I do anything against the interests of the country.
3) only, so/such ,often 等词开头的句子,比较: 4)
正常语序:We can learn a foreign language well only in this way.
倒装语序:Only in this way can we learn a foreign language well.
正常语序:The stain was so small that I could hardly see it.
倒装语序:So small was the stain that I could hardly see it.
从以上的举例可以归纳出:
如果以上的词本来就是修饰或说明主语的,不存在倒装问题,例如:
Not all scientists accept his new theory about the origin of the Universe.
怎么倒装?采用一般疑问句的倒装规则。
应试思路:
倒装句一般都比较长,表达的意思相对比较复杂,这给英语基础比较差的考生带来理解上的一定困难。为了提高应试效率,要牢牢把握好以下应试思路:
见到not等否定词,或only, so, often, 或介词 + no开头的句子,首先要考虑是否倒装;
看看答案中哪个采用了倒装形式;
如果答案中有几个倒装形式,比较一下时态、语态或其他细微差别。
例如:
Not since the great growth years of the snowmobile ______ as much as the latest entry of all terrain vehicle.
A. did a sport vehicle catch the publics fancy
B. a sport vehicle had caught the publics fancy
C.has a sport vehicle caught the publics fancy
D.will a sport vehicle catch the publics fancy
要正确翻译这个句子并不是件容易的事,但并不影响解题:
首先,这是个not开头的句子,需要倒装;
第二,在A、A、C、D四个答案中,B是唯一不倒装的,肯定不对;
第三,尽管A、C、D都是倒装形式,但由于是not since,要用现在完成时,故正确答案是C.
从以上例子可以看出,就语法考试而言,牢记基本规则,把握正确解题思路有时比多认识几个英语单词更重要。
其他需注意的倒装现象:
4) here, there, back, down, off, in, up等表示地点状语的词开头的句子,例如:
Here comes a taxi!
There goes the last bus!
Down came the rain.
但是:主语是代词时不倒装,例如:
Here it comes.
There she goes.
5) 主语 + live, stand, lie, sit 等动词 + 地点状语 的结构中常采用倒装语序,例如:
正常语序:An old temple stands at the top of the hill.
倒装语序:At the top of the hill stands an old temple.
同样,如果主语是代词,也不能倒装,例如:
It stands at the top of the hill.
6) although 让步从句用as或 though代替时,例如:
正常语序:Although he is young, he is quite expert in computer technology.
倒装语序:Young as he is, he is quite expert in computer technology.
4)、5)、6)类倒装只是简单的语序调整。
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