2011高考英语书面表达之过渡及开头句

　　过渡词

　　要学会使用过渡词。过渡词犹如桥梁和粘合剂 。恰当地使用过渡词可避免结构松散，层次分明，表意不清等弊端，使文章条理清楚，文字连贯流畅。常用的过渡词有：

　　递进型： also,besides, whats more, moreover, furthermore, in addition, even, whats worse, worse still, to make matters//things worse, not only but also等；

　　解释型：that is (to say), in other words, or, in fact, in reality, as a matter of fact等；

　　转折型：however, but, yet, nevertheless, instead, on the contrary,on the other hand 等；

　　列举型：firstlysecondlyfinally, on the one hand, on the other hand, for one thing, for another (thing)等

　　举例型：for example, for instance, such as, that is, like, take for example等；

　　因果型：because (of), since, now that, thanks to, due to; thus, therefore, as a result (consequence),so that, so that等；

　　让步型：though, although, in spite of, despite,even though, even if 等；

　　顺序型：firstnextand thenfinally, firstthenafter thatfinally 等；

　　并列型：and, bothand, or, eitheror, as well as, 等

　　时间型：afterwards, soon, later, the moment/ immediately/ , hardlywhen, no soonerthan, be about to do something when be on the point of doing something when 等

　　总结型：in a/one word, to sum up, in short, on the whole, in conclusion,every coins has two sides

　　见解型：as for me，in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned，Im sure 等

　　条件型：if, as long as, so long as, on condition that , unless 等

　　开头句

　　 论述的展开提出观点：

　　◆No one would deny that

　　◆Now it is widely believed that

　　◆When it comes to, some think

　　◆There is a public debate today that ...

　　 ◆A is a common way of, but is it a wise one?

　　 ◆Recently the problem has been brought into focus that+同位语从句

　　◆Different people hold different opinions.

　　◆Opinions are divided.

　　◆People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards

　　 ◆With the rapid improvement in/growing awareness of， more and more

　　 （e.g.With the rapid improvement in building industry， more and more structures are being erected to set the peoples minds at ease.）

　　◆ Recently， sth/the problem ofhas been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern（e。g。 Recently， the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments worldwide are committed to finding useful solutions.）

　　◆ In the past few years，there has been a boom/sharp growth/decline in（e。g。 In the past ten years，there has been a sharp decline in the number of species。）

　　◆ Nowadays，more/most important/dangerous for our society is（e。g。 Nowadays， most dangerous for our society is the tendency to take advantage of each other in political circles。）

　　 ◆Now there is a growing awareness that+同位语从句...

　　 ◆It is time we explore the truth of ...

　　进一步提出观点：

　　◆of them hold the opinion that .（不同观点）

　　◆of them are in favor of the idea that（不同观点）

　　◆People who are for/against the idea think （不同观点）

　　◆However, each coin has two sides. （不同观点）

　　◆Different from those., people think .（不同观点）

　　◆On the other hand, people object that （有些人反对道）.（不同观点）

　　◆A is but one of the many effects. Another is ...

　　◆Besides, other reasons are...

　　提出假想例子的方式：

　　◆Suppose that...

　　◆Just imagine what would be like if...

　　◆It is reasonable to expect...

　　◆It is not surprising that...

　　举普通例子：

　　◆For example(instance),...

　　◆... such as A,B,C and so on (so forth)

　　◆We can take something for example.

　　◆A particular example for this is...

　　引用：

　　◆One of the greatest early writers said ...

　　◆Knowledge is power, such is the remark of ...

　　◆As somebody once put it,

　　◆....... How often we hear such words like these.

　　提出原因：

　　◆There are many reasons for ...

　　◆Why .... ? For one thing,... ; for another thing,

　　◆The answer to this problem involves many factors.

　　◆Most people would agree that...

　　◆Some people may neglect that in fact ...

　　◆Others suggest that...

　　◆Part of the explanation is ...

　　进行对比：

　　◆The advantages for A outweigh the disadvantages of...

　　◆Although A enjoys a distinct advantage ...

　　◆Indeed , A has more advantages than B when sth is concerned.

　　◆A maybe ... , but it has the disadvantage that...

　　承上启下：

　　◆To understand the truth of ..., it is also important to see...

　　◆A study of ... will make this point clear

　　让步：

　　◆Certainly, B has its own advantages, such as...

　　◆I do not deny that A has its own merits.

　　结尾：

　　◆From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ...

　　◆In summary, it is wiser of somebody to do something

　　◆In short...

　　注（图表型）

　　◆According to the information given in the table/graph,we can find that。。。

　　◆As can be seen from the table/graph/figure，there is an obvious and rapid increase /decrease/decline/favorable （an unfavorable） change in。。。

　　◆ As we can see from the table/graph/form /figure above, great changes have taken place in。。。over the period of time from。。。（年份）to。。。（年份）

　　◆ The table/graph shows that there is a（n） declining/increasing trend of 。。。from。。。（年份） to。。。（年份）

　　◆ Anyone who takes a closer look at the data in the table/graph can be surprised to find that。。。