高考英语总复习语法专项 谓语动词2

被动语态

一.被动语态的构成: 见总述部分

特别说明: 将来进行时和各种完成进行时态没有被动语态形式

带有情态动词的被动语态的构成: 情态动词 + be +过去分词

a. The work must be done right now.

b. That prisoner may be sentenced to death.

二.用法: 被动语态主要用于

1.不知道谁是动作的执行者时, 用被动语态

a. His bike has been stolen.

b. This window was broken last night.

2.没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时, 用被动语态

a. China was liberated in 1949.

b. I was told you were late this morning.

3.强调或突出动作的承受者时, 用被动语态

a. The plan has already been made.

b. Yao Ming was elected MVP of the last week.

三.主动句变被动句:

1.主动句中的宾语转换成被动句的主语, 时态不变

a. The manager gave me ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

2.带有宾语从句的主动句变被动句时, 宾语从句变成主语从句, 通常不位于句首, 句首用形式主语it

a. We can learn from the text that delicious apples are big.

It can be learned from the text that delicious apples are big.

3.带有双宾语的主动句变被动句时, 将直接宾语或间接宾语变成被动句的主语都可

a. My brother gave me a birthday present.

I was given a birthday present. / A birthday present was given to me.

4.带有复合宾语 (即宾语+宾补) 的主动句变被动句时, 宾补的形式一般不变, 只是名称变成了主补, 但当宾补是不带to的不定式时, 要变成带to的不定式

a. I saw him play near the river. He was seen to play near the river.

5.含有短语动词的主动句变成被动句时, 不要遗漏短语动词中的介词或副词

a. The children must be taken good care of. / Good care must be taken of the children.

四.应注意的问题:

1.be+过去分词不一定是被动语态, 也可能是系表结构

a. The children were excited at the news.

b. We are interested in the English novel.

c. The mother was worried about her sons absence.

2.有些动词形式上用主动语态时含有被动意思

a. This book sells well.这本书很畅销

b. This kind of cloth washed very well.这种布很耐洗

c. This pen writes quite smoothly.这支笔很好使

d. This dish tastes good.这道菜味道不错

e. This kind of cloth feels smooth and soft.这料子摸起光滑柔软

3.不是所有的及物动词都有被动语态, 某些表示状态或关系的动词或短语动词只有主动语态, 而无相对应的被动语态. 常见的这类动词有: cost花费, fit适合, have有, hold容纳, lack缺乏, own拥有, suit适合, fail失败, belong to属于, agree with同意

I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.

2.带有宾语从句的主动句变被动句时, 宾语从句变成主语从句, 通常不位于句首, 句首用形式主语it

a. We can learn from the text that delicious apples are big.

It can be learned from the text that delicious apples are big.

3.带有双宾语的主动句变被动句时, 将直接宾语或间接宾语变成被动句的主语都可

a. My brother gave me a birthday present.

I was given a birthday present. / A birthday present was given to me.

4.带有复合宾语 (即宾语+宾补) 的主动句变被动句时, 宾补的形式一般不变, 只是名称变成了主补, 但当宾补是不带to的不定式时, 要变成带to的不定式

a. I saw him play near the river. He was seen to play near the river.

5.含有短语动词的主动句变成被动句时, 不要遗漏短语动词中的介词或副词

a. The children must be taken good care of. / Good care must be taken of the children.