高中英语语法-英语语法表解1

　　英语语法表解1

　　 表22直接引语间接引语

　　 直接引语 间接引语

　　 时态变化 一般现在时

　　 一般过去时

　　 一般将来时

　　 现在进行时

　　 现在完成时

　　 过去完成时

　　 将来完成时 一般过去时

　　 过去完成时

　　 过去将来时

　　 过去进行时

　　 过去完成时

　　 过去完成时

　　 过去将来完成时

　　 时间状语 Now

　　 Yesterday

　　 Last week(year; month)

　　 Today

　　 Tomorrow

　　 Next week(year; month)

　　 Ago

　　 Then

　　 The day before

　　 The week (year; month) before

　　 That day

　　 The next day

　　 The next week(year; month)

　　 before

　　 地点状语 Here there 指示代词 This

　　 These That

　　 Those

　　 句型变化 陈述句

　　 特殊问句

　　 祈使句

　　 一般疑问句 that引导的宾语从句

　　 由特殊问词引导的宾语从句

　　 ask/tell/order sb to do sth.

　　 由Whether(if) 引导的宾语从句。

　　 表23 It 的用法

　　 用法 例句

　　 ①作人称代词,指代前文提到的事。与one;that的区别:one指前文提到的同类物之一,且前面常有冠词、指示代词或形容词修饰,one也可指一个人;而that常指代前面出现过的不可数名词,与of介词短语连用,它也可指代可数名词,表示较远的人或物与this(近指)相对. A new pen is lying on the desk;It's Jack's.

　　 I've lost my bike ,so I'll buy a new one.

　　 The air of Chengdu is better than that of Beijing.

　　 ②指代前文中发出某个动作的人;也可指代婴儿。 Who is knocking at/on the door? It must be Tom.

　　 ③指代时间、距离、天气、季节。 It is very cold today;It's five o'clock; It's two hours' ride from the office to my home.

　　 ④代替前文的this或that. What's this(that)? It's a desk.

　　 ⑤用于强调句型It was/is+被强调部分+that(被强调部分是人时也可用who)+句子其余部分。 It was in Zigong that(不用where) I met Jack yesterday; It was yesterday that(不用when) I met Tom in Zigong;Is it he that(who) often helps you with your English?

　　 ⑥代替不定式、动名词或that或 whether等从句,作形式主语或宾语。 It isn't easy to do that; It's no use crying over spilt I find it necessary to learn English; It's clear that he likes reading novels.

　　 It 的用法(表23)精选练习:

　　 1. Is ______necessary to complete the design before National Day ?

　　 A. this B. that C.it D he

　　 2.I don't think ______possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. A. this B. that C.its D it

　　 3.Does _____matter if he can't finish the job on time?

　　 A. this B. that Che D it

　　 4Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ________didn't help . A. he B. which C. she D.it

　　 5.I was disappointed with the film , I had expected _________to be much better. A. that B. this C. one D.it

　　 6. ________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language . A.There B. This C,. That D. It

　　 7. It was not until 1920 _________regular radio broadcasts began.

　　 A.while B.which C, that D.since

　　 8. It was about 600 years ago _______the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made .

　　 A. that B .until C. before D.when

　　 9.Was ______that I saw last night at the concert?

　　 A. it you B. not you C .you D. that yourself

　　 10.________was in 1979 ______I graduated from the university?

　　 A.Thatthat B. It that C.That.when D.Itwhen

　　 11. I hate ______when people talk with their mouths full.

　　 A it B.that C these D.them

　　 12. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____I began to appreciate their beauty.

　　 A.until B.that C.then D.so

　　 表24 介词

　　 类别 例词 例句或短语

　　 表示地点、方向、方位 At;in;on;to;above;over;up;down;at the top of;on (the) top of;at the bottom of;behind; after; at(in) the backof;out of;into;through;across;below ;under;in(the) front of; on/to the right/left of;beyond;off;from... to;along;for.

　　 At 106 North Street; at a hotel; at the airport(station,gate); at a distance (ofin the distance ;arrive in/at; in(不用to) the direction ofall over China; in bed(class,hospital);on one's way to;at/in/on the corner ofon/in the street;ride on a bike(horse);a town on the river;lie on one's back;fall(come,break)off;in

　　 the east/west/south/north of..;off the coast;at the top of one's voice;at the bottom of a page;In which direction are

　　 you going?swim across a river;through a forest;down/along the street;beyond a village; from east

　　 to west.

　　 表示时间 At; in; on(=as soon as); by(not later than);after;before;since;notuntil;for;

　　 within;during;at the beginning(end) of At Christmas(night,noon);at the age of; at five o'clock ; in the morning(afternoon,evening); on a coldmorning(afternoon,evening,night);in one's twenties;in the 1989s; within three weeks;since 1986;during the war;by the end of ;for six years;On arriving there,I began to work. .

　　 表示原因 At; with; on; because of;on account of; for; owing to; thanks to; due to. Be disappointed(pleased,surprised) at;tremble with fear/cold;be wet with sweat; thanks to one's help;

　　 because of illness;for political reason;thank(praise,scold,blame) sb for

　　 (doing) sth.;He was late on account of a heavy rain;congratulate sb. on

　　 (doing) sth;on business.

　　 表示目的、目标 At;for;to Aim at;laugh(shout,throw,grasp) leave(start,set out,go,come) for; a

　　 letter for sb.;show(lend,give,offer,

　　 supply) sth. to sb.;buy (make, provide) sth for sb;be good for sb;for sale;

　　 be good/kind/cruel/polite to sb.

　　 表示方法、方式、工具、依据、凭借、价格、速度等 At;by;in;like;according to. At a low/high price;at any cost;

　　 in English(pencil,red ink,cash);on TV(

　　 the radio,the phone;the piano); with a

　　 knife; feel/looklike; by air/bike/land/sea;buy sth on crdit;

　　 on foot;make money by doing sth.;

　　 He is paid by the hour; at 50 miles an

　　 hour.

　　 表示状态、数量、穿戴、关于、赞成、反对、所属范围、依靠和对比、与碰撞等。 At;in;on;with;against;for;about;except;except for;but;besides;as to(for);among;

　　 between. At war(work); in peace; in difficulty/

　　 trouble; have difficulty in doing sth;have difficulty with sth;in the sun;

　　 in the rain/storm;(be dressed ) in red (clothes); nine in ten(=nine out of ten);

　　 be in the dark;on/about history;on fire/

　　 sale/strike/show/holiday/exhibition;

　　 with long hair;between ourselves;

　　 be with sb on sth;He is tall for his age;

　　 the city of London; act on one's instructions; live on one's salary;

　　be against/for sb/sth;Switzerland lies

　　 between France ,Germany,Austria

　　 and Italy;He is on the football team.

　　 The picture shows up well against the

　　 white wall;He was leaning against the

　　 He hit/struck his head against the door.

　　 表24 说明:

　　 ①above ; on; over之间的区别:A:above是指某物上的的高低位置,不强调是正上方,其反义词为below,e.g.The moon was above the tree in the east. B:over指垂直正上方, 此外还可指盖,遍及,从一边到另一边 e.g.The sky is over our heads; He climbed over the wall; He took over the business from his father;There is a boat under(不用below) the bridge.C:on 指在..上.面或相互接触e.g. Korea is on the east of China(不接壤用to the east of There is a book on the desk.;D.用于引申意思: He's over me in the company.他是我的顶头上司.He is above me in the company.他在公司的职位比我的高(并非直接上司).

　　 ②across与through的区别:across指从物体的一边到另一边、横过、越过,而through指从物体的中间通过.

　　 He walked across the bridge and then through the valley ;You can fly across the U.S. in about five hours ; We will be across the border by tomorrow 。

　　 ③after 与behind 的区别:after 表位置时,一般指次序先后,意为跟在.后面,次于. e.g.

　　 Your name comes after mine on the而behind 指物体静态位置的前后(其反义词为in front of ) 且常指在物体本身之外的后面(若指物体本身后面用in/at the back of, in/at the back of的反义词为in the front of) e.g. Many people are sitting in the back of (in the front of ) the room. There are many trees behind (in front of ) the house; behind 还可指落后,过了时刻,耽误时间. E.g. He fell behind the others; He fell behind theafter也可指时间:after +时间点可用于将来时和过去时,而after +时间段只用于过去时;但in +时间段只用于将来时,e.g. I will be back in two hours(after two o'clock); He returned home after three days(two o'clock).

　　 ④besides;except;but;except for;but for的区别:A. besides与except用于肯定句时, (汤母没去)指除...外(不再有) besides指除...外(还有).e.g.We all went to Zigong except Tom(汤母没去);We all went to Zigong besides Tom(汤母也去了) ; B. except 与but后都可接名、代、动名词和不定式及动词原形,且能互换;但except后还可跟副词、副词从句和介词短语等。E.g. He answered all the questions but/except the lastThe window is never opened except in summer;He has always been in high spirits except recently;C. besides;except;but用于否定句时,可以互换: e.g. There aren't any other people to be considered esides/except/but D.but for 指要不是.e.g. But for your help , we couldn't have finished the work so而except for 指从某一细节方面修正前面的概过性说法,其后的宾语一般与句子主语所涉及的东西不属同类.e.g. Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.

　　 ⑤表示工具、方法、手段、根据的介词by、in、on、over、through的区别:by后的工具名词是泛指,故工具名词前不加冠词,也不用复数;而in或 on或over后接某一具体的工具名词,故要用冠词,例如:He came here by train(on/in a train);She went there by car(in a car);He came here on the first train ; Tom used to go to school by bike(on his ownon a horse);I received the news by radio(on/over/through the radio);He got the book through the library.但是当by指凭借、根据之意时,其后要用冠词the,例如:The cloth is sold by the yard;I am paid by the week。

　　 ⑥at、on、in接时间名词和地点名词的区别:at后一般接表示时刻、时点和noon、night、Christmas等类时间名词;on后一般接表示某一天的名词,但是当evening、morning、afternoon、noon和night等名词的前后有形容词或限制词修饰时就用on,例如:He came here in the morning (at night); He came here on a cold morning/night; He came here on the afternoon of March 1st;介词in后一般接表示年、月、周、季节、世纪、一生等较长时段的时间名词,如:He did a lot of work in his life;I will finish the work in a month/week/year。但是要注意当表示时间的名词前有this、that、last、next等修饰时,该时间名词前不能再用介词,例如:Last week he came here;He started(不能用on) that morning。在表示一个小的位置点时,一般用at ;而表示在里面或一个较大的地方时,用in,例如:He arrived at the station yesterday;

　　 He arrived in China yesterday.

　　 ⑦because of、due to、owing to、thanks to、for的区别:because of因为、由于构成介词短语,在句中常作状语,e.g. The train was delayed because of the rain;He walked slowly because of his bad leg;They are here because of us; due to因为、由于构成介词短语,在句中作表语或定语或状语,e.g. The accident was due to careless driving; His illness was due to bad food;owing to因为、由于构成介词短语,在句中通常作状语,也可作表语,这时与due to可通用,e.g. Owing to the shower,the football game was interrupted; These errors are owing to (due to) carelessness; thanks to 多亏、由于(含有感激之意)构成介词短语,在句中作状语,e.g. Thanks to your help/advice ,much trouble was saved; for一般与reasons(但because of 不能和reasons连用)和doing sth 连用,例如,He left his homeland for political reasons;He was praised/scolded for doing that。

　　 ⑧.in、on、under都可表状态,但是它们在配搭上有区别:in常和peace、war、trouble、difficulty、order、place、good shape、uniform、anger、fun、poverty等连用;on常和holiday、fire、exhibition、show、sale、strike等连用;而under常和、consideration、way、construction、repair、discussion、suspicion、investigation等连用。

　　 ⑨ in、on 、to、towards、for表示方位的区别:在左、右边用on,往左、右边用to;在东、南、西、北里用in;向或朝某一方向(指静态位置时)用to或towards均可,但to或towards用作动态介词时,towards 强调动作方向,而to则兼指到达的含义;for则常和start、leave等连用,表示要去的目的地;on表示接壤或接触例如,The house on the left/right isShanghai lies in the east of China;The door opens to/towards the mountain;The house faces to/towards the south;The birds were flying towards the south(鸟正南飞);The birds flew to the south(鸟飞到南方去了);He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow;Korea lies on the east of China(强调接壤Taiwan lies to the east of Fujian(强调没有接壤there is a town on the river(河畔有一个小城)。

　　 ⑩up和down的区别:两者都有副词和介词的词性,但是两者的意思正好相反。Up 作为副词常与动词be、go、come、stay、stand、lift、walk、jump等连用,表往高处、往上、向上方、往上游、向说话人方向走、或在高处、或(价格、水准、音量、速度等)增加或上升、完全地(如与use、eat、end连用)、紧紧地(如与tie、lock连用)、或(时间)已到,作为介词也表往上或在上、还可表示沿着.e.g. climb up the tree, walk up the street ;而down作为副词常与动词be、go、take、come、get、bring、write、turn、calm、cut、quiet、cool等连用,表示向下、下降、在下面、(写)下来、(程度、价格、品质、身份等)由高到低、由强到弱,作为介词down表往下、或沿着的意思,e.g. climb down the ladder,roll down the road 。

　　 (11) near 的nearby区别: near 可以是介词、副词和形容词, nearby 只能是副词和形容词;作为形容词near 可作前置定语也可作表语,其意义可以是指关系上亲密的或接近的,也可指场所或时间上近的,可用比较级或最高级,而nearby只能指(距离上)附近的,既可作前置定语也可作后置定语,一般不用比较级或最高级;作为副词用时,多用nearby表示在附近,如用near时,则其前通常要用修饰语。例如,What is the nearest way to the station ? There is a park in the near distance; I will go to America in the near future ;He is my nearest relative; He lives near the station ; She lives quite/very near ;We went out and dined in a nearby restaurant ( 或a restaurant nearby); The plane landed nearby(nearby可单独用作状语)。

　　 (12) as 和like的区别:like一般情况下用作介词,用于说明两者在形态或性质上相似,但并不等同;而as作为介词是指身份、资格等,意为作为、看着等,用于说明同一关系,即两者为一体,此外as还可作为连词用,意为正如、正象、按照... 例如, I wish I can fly like a bird ; Like Leifeng , he has done a lot of good deeds; Don't treat me as a child ; Do the work as I do ; As a student , you should study hard.

　　 (13)介词的句法功能:A.作定语:The book on the table is hers; B.作状语: In

　　 front of the house stands a tall C.作表语: Taiwan is to the

　　 east of Fujian; D.作主/宾补: She found herself in hospital when she came

　　 to.

　　 常用介词用法解析:

　　 1. About ①关于(正式用语常用on) I spoke with him about the matter;②到处、各处 He likes to walk about the town; ③在身上 Do you have a lighter about you ?

　　 2. Above ①在上方(表示正上方时above与over 可替换使用,但不是正上方则不可替换) I saw the moon above the roof; ②(能力、地位等)胜过,超越/超过The temperature is above average this winter (但用于具体数量时over比above更常用),She is above any of her classmates in speaking English。

　　 3. Among在中间(一般用于指三者或以上的人或物,而between一般是用于指两者之间,但若指地理疆界或两个集体之间的多数人或物之间仍然用between) They hid themselves among the trees ; I think Eistein is among the greatest scientists; The Mediterranean lies between Africa , Europe and Asia .

　　 4. Around ①到处、各处(=about)She looked around the room to see if he was already there;②环绕、围绕 The earth moves aroud the sun ;③ 在四周 she put her arms around his shoulders;④大约 He came here around 5 o'clock

　　 5. At ①在地点 I live at 106 East Street ;②在..年龄(at the age of five)、在时间点或时刻 He arrived at noon/night/five/that moment; ③(表目标、方向)对/对准(有时含有伤害之意) She shot at him; Aim at the man carefully; ④表示正在从事中、或在状态中 The children are still at play/lunch/work/rest; ⑤(表示原因)因而 She was surprised at what he said; We were all pleased/annoyed at his behavior ;⑥(表示在某方面) 关于或对于He is good/bad at cooking; ⑦ (表示数量、价格、比率、速度等)以. He drove at the speed of 100 miles an hour ; She sold the house at a very high price

　　 6. Against ①表示反对、敌对、违抗、不利于、逆而行 Our school played against their school at football ; He is swimming against the tide (水流);② 与..相撞/碰 、 倚靠 The rain beat against the window;He placed the ladder against the wall;He is leaning against the wall;③(表示对比、对照)以为背景,衬托 The picture shows up well against the white wall (这幅画在白壁衬托下很显眼) ;④ 表示防备、预防 You should save money against your old age。

　　 7. By ①在旁Will you sit down here by the fire? ②. (表示经由地方)经由通过 The thief entered the room by the window ;③. (指时间) 在之前 You must finish the work by Friday; ④.(表示手段、原因、方法等,其后的名词前一般不用冠词) I sent the letter by airmail ;You can succeed by working hard; ⑤ (表示媒介)把的地方(其后加冠词,与人的身体懂得某部分连用) He caught me by the hand; I am paid by the hour;⑥根据、依据/凭借、借着 You must play by the rules ; The cloth is sold by the yard ; He is French by birth; I swear(发誓) by God; ⑦指数量上相差左右 He is taller than me by 5 inches ⑧表示乘法或除法. The pool is 15 meters by 35 meters.

　　 8. Beyond ①(场所)在那一边 What is beyond the village ? ②(指程度、时间)超出、力所不能及 The TV is beyond repair;Don't stay out beyond ten o'clock③ 除之外 I can not say anything beyond that .

　　 9. For ①(表示目的、方向、利益等)适合于、为了 Do more exercise for the good of your health;I have got a good job for you; buy/make something for somebody; This knife is used for cutting cheese ;He worked hard for the exam;There is no really good medicine for a cold;Do you have any books for children ?It is a very good day for hiking;Is this train for Beijing? I am leaving for Shanghai tomorrow;② (表示交换、报酬、代表、代理等)与 交换、代替、代表、表示.. I gave him a book (in exchange ) for his stamps; He changed his ballpen for an icecream ; He sold his house for 50000 yuan ;He spoke for our class at the meeting;What do the letters NPC stand for ? ③ (表示原因) 由于 He was angry with him for being late; This restaurant is famous for fine cooking ; He jumped for joy at the news;④ 表示时间 期间 He will be away on business (for) the next ten days ; The next meeting was arranged for the fifth of July ;⑤(表示基准、对比、对象等,常与too、enough连用的形容词或副词连用) It is warm enough for February ; For a beginner , he drives well ; She looks young for her age ;⑥表示关于、对于、就He has a taste for music ;I have no eye for paintings ; So much for this class; ⑦ 表示赞成(与against相反) Which party did you vote for ?

　　 10. In ① (表示地点)在里/中/内(注意on是指在物体的表面上) 、向..之中(此处相当于into的用法) I spent the holiday in the country ; He threw a stone in the river; ②(表示时间范围或经过多少时间之后) 在时候、在.之后 I will come back in ten days ③(表示状态、环境、穿着、穿戴等) 在..中、 穿戴着. She is bathing herself in the sun;I am in good shape ; An old man is jogging in a pair of sports shoes ;④(表示受动作影响的部位) 在..处 Tom stared her in the face ; He was wounded in arms ; ⑤(表材料、手段、方法等) 使用 I paid the bill in cash ; He is drawing a picture in pencil ;in red ink / in English⑥关于、在.某方面 I am weak in Chinese ; The bridge is 20000meters in length and 400 meters in height ; You should be careful in operating this machine;⑦(比哦按时比例、数量等) nine in ten =nine out of ten(十之八九);twice in a month(一月两次)。注意:in作为副词时,常与动词be、get、come、hand、put、go、take、give、turn、bring、call、break连用,其基本意义为在家、到达、往里面、往内部或进来等,其反义词为out,out只能是副词,其基本意义为在外、向外、被发表或暴露出来、完全地、彻底地、消失、缺货、买光、或清楚地大声地,常与动词be、go、come、sell、run、speak、call、tired等连用。

　　 11 Instead of 意为代替,后面可接代词、名词、动名词短语等,而instead是副词,其后不能接任何宾语。例如,I have to finish my work instead of going out ; I do not like beer ;give me some coffe instead。

　　 12.On ① (表示位置)在.之上 、乘于上 、在..的表面 He is riding on a bike ;He was hit on the head ;I got on a bus ;② (表示穿着)穿戴、附着于.上 He had a hat on his head; Who will put a bell on the cat?③ (表示接近)在旁边/畔 There is a town on the river / a house on the street ; ④(表示支撑点) 以.为轴/支持 He walked on tiptoe (脚尖)); He lay on his back; ⑤ (表示手段器具等)藉.、使用、吃 He called me up on the phone just now; I bought a computer on credit (赊购) ;We live on rice⑥(表示特定时间)在.时候、 一..就..on a cold morning /on ChristmasOn his arrival (On arriving 刚一到) at the station , he was arrested (逮捕)by the police; ⑦ (表示状态、方法) on fire / on sale / on show/ on strike /on one's way to ⑧ (表示原因、根据) 根据、由于 He went to Zigong on business; You must act on his advice ; He changed his mind on second thoughts (他重新考虑后又改变了主意);The story is based on facts;He was arrestd on a charge of theft(他以涉嫌盗窃罪而被逮捕);⑨(主题)关于(用于比about更专门的内容) a book on China ;⑩属于的成员 He is on the school football team 。 (注意:on作为副词与动词turn /put /go/move/walk/come连用有穿上、继续向前=forward/along、打开开关、在进行中等)。

　　 13.Off ①(表示分离)离开、隔着、脱离、脱落 Keep off the grass! A button came off your coat ;Take some meat off the plate ;② 离去 (工作等) 休息 He is off duty today③ 打折扣、减价 Can you take 5% off the price ? (注意off作为副词也可以指距离、分离、脱离、脱掉衣服等,还可指关掉、切断水电气等、停止、完成、与well或badly连用指生活是..、休息、折扣等等意义,例如,The scool is five miles off;The exam is two days off; Take off your coat; Turn off the light; Finish your work off before you go to bed; She is off today; He is well off。)

　　 14.Of ①(表示所属关系或部分) 是东西 、属于 the legs of the table ;the window of a room;one of the books;② 由 制成 It is made of wood; ③表示数量、分量等 a cup of coffee; ④表示同位关系 the city of Beijing;⑤ (表示动宾关系) 表示动作的目的、对象 love of one's country ; the use of solar energy ; ⑥表示原因 、出处 He died of cancer / hunger ; He comes of a rich family ;⑦表示拥有..性质、特征 He is a woman of ablity ;⑧与有关关于 Speaking of music , do you like Mozart? I have never heard of him.

　　 15.Over ①(表位置)在..正上方(但不接触,接触时用on) He held his umbrella over me; ②覆盖在.上、遍及、到处 He spread a cloth over the table; I traveled (all) over China; ③(表示动作状态) 翻越过、从一边到另一边、横过 He jumped over the wall ;She climbed the hill; ④表在.期间、 在.中一直 We stayed there over Christmas; He has been ill in bed over the past week;⑤表支配、监督 The king ruled over the country for a long time ;⑥一面.一面.We discussed it over a cup of tea ;⑦表与..有关关于 They argued over money matters; ⑧表数学上的分之的、数量上多于 five over eleven 5/11、over fifty。 注意:over作为副词与动词be、take、get、look、turn、go等连用,也可指在上方、横过、越过、从一边到另一边、全面地、到处地,还可指结束、反复、交给、让与的意义。

　　 16.Through ① (通过、贯通等) 通过、穿过、经过 I can not see through your head; He is looking out through the window; ② 遍及、到处(=throughout) The news has spread through the world;③(时间)整个、从开头到结束(=throughout) He stayed in the room through the winter; I had to sit through the movie though it was not interesting at all;④ (手段、媒介)依据、经由 I got a job through a friend ;⑤(原因) 因为、由于 He lost his position through his own mistakes。(注意:它作为副词,可以指通过、全程地、彻底地、接通电话等,例如,Have you read the book through? I walked in the rain and got wet through; Can you put me through to Mr Smith?)。

　　 17.With ①与.一起 、伴同.. 、伴有、 带着. 、带有、具有.Come with me ! China is a developing country with a long history; Take an umbrella with you ; She said goodbye with tears in her eyes; He often rises with the sun; I saw it with my own eyes ; She is a little girl with long hair ; He likes to have coffe with cakes; ② (表示工具、手段、材料) 用、 以 He was killed by Tom with a gun (比较He was killed by a falling stone ); It is a cake made with fruit ;The glass is filled with water;③ 表示符合、赞成、与 . 一致 Which dress goes better with the these shoes? I agreed with you ;④ 伴随、配合 With the development of society , China is becoming stronger and stronger ;⑤关于、对于、就而言、以对手 She is very angry with you ; I am pleased with my new house ;I have nothing to do with the incident;I often play chess with Jack; He competed with the best runners in the world;⑥表示原因、理由 He trembled with fear/cold (他因害怕/寒冷而发抖);⑦ (表示委托、委任) 委托/寄存在.处 Can I leave my cat with you while I go out for shopping ? ⑧表示分离/割爱 I have to part with the watch my father gave me ;⑨(表示矛盾)尽管/ 虽然 With all his faults(缺点) she still loves him.

　　 18.Out of ① 从...到外(反义词为into) He is looking out of the window;②在.范围外(反义词为within) He is out of hearing/sight他在听不到(看不到)的地方;③在(某个数)之中 You can choose one out of the④用.做成 He made the basket out of bamboo;⑤失去、欠缺、从(状态)离开 I am out of patience 我没有了耐心, The coat is out of fashion ;⑥出于、由于 I did it out of kindness;⑦(起源、出处) This is a scene out of the movie;⑧期望不要.、夺去(反义词为into)I talked him out of going out alone ; He cheated her out of her money。

　　 常用介词短语(包含介词与形容词或名词的习惯配搭、含介词的副词性短语和复合介词短语)

　　 be angry/cross with sb对某人生气 ; be afraid of害怕 ; be angry at sth 因某事生气; be anxious about当心或焦虑某事; be eager for/about sth渴望某事; be busy with sth(be busy in doing sth)忙于某事; be sure/certain of/about sth (make sure/certain of sth)确信、确保; be strict in sth对某事严格; be strict with sb对某人严格; be famous for/as/to 因而出名/作为.而出名/为.所知 ; be fit for适合于 ; be good/bad at 擅长(不擅长) 于; be good for 对.有好处; be good/kind/polite to sb对某人好/对某人有礼貌 ;be in favor of赞成;be proud of自豪 ; be /get ready for 为某时做好准备 ; be similar to类似于 ;be the same to sb对某人来说完全相同; be familiar with对.熟悉; be wrong with 有毛病 ; be popular with受人欢迎;be surprised/disappointed/pleased/satisfied at sth 因某事而吃惊/失望/高兴/满意; be pleased/satisfied with sb对某人满意;be happy about/at (doing) sth因某事高兴 ;be interestd in sth对.感兴趣;be related to (= be connected with )与.有关;be concerned about .为.关心/当心;be sorry about sth 因某事感到难过; be sorry for sb为某人感到遗憾;be worthy of (being done)sth 值得做 (注意该短语与be worth doing 的用法区别) ; be content with sth对.满意;be jealous of sb嫉妒某人; be different from与不同; be rich in sth在富有;be lacking in sth在某方面缺乏;be tired of 厌烦be tired from/with因.疲劳; be responsible for sth (=take the responsibility for sth)对负责;express one's satisfaction with/at sth对表示满意; one's familiarity with sb/sth对熟悉; the key to sth 的钥匙或答案; the entrance/monument to sth/sb.入口处或某人的纪念碑;all over 遍及、结束;all over the country遍及全国; have an effect/influence on sth/sb对有影响;at times(=now and then);from time to time间或、时常;有时; at a time 一次; at one time曾经一度、同时 ;at the same time 同时、但还是; on time准时;in time及时、总有一天; in no time立即; at any time任何时候 ; behind time(比预定)迟; ahead of time提前;with time随着时间流逝; other than除了..之外(比较:or rather更正确地说,more than不止是/多于,rather than倒不如说/是而不是none/no other than正是而不是别的; on (the) one hand一方面; on the other hand另一方面 ; at hand 在手边、即将到来 (与close,near等连用); by hand手工做的; hand in hand手拉手; in hand在手里的、在控制/掌握中的; hands off请勿动手; hands up举起手; from hand to mouth仅够糊口;in turn 依次地;in return (for sth)作为回报地; in trouble/difficulty有了麻烦; in difficulties处于经济困境; in common共同的、共有的; in public当众、公然; in danger在危险中; at (the) least至少; at (the) most最多; in the end最后、终于; at the beginning of在开始时; at the end of在结尾时 ; at last终于 ; at first最初/首先;at the sight of一看见就; after all毕竟/终究; above all最重要的; at all(否定句中)表示一点也不,(在疑问句中)表示到底、究竟, (if从句中)表示既然in all总共; all but除之外全部 ;in the name of凭/以..名义、看在上 ; by the name of..名叫by name只.名字上的、名叫; on top of sth在之上、加之;once in a while有时、偶尔;in a word总而言之;in other words也就是说; be worth doing(=be worthy of being done;be worthy to be done)值得做;(do sth) on credit 以赊帐或记帐方式做某事on duty值日、值班; off duty不值班; as a result of.因为/由于 ; as a result 作为结果/因此;without result毫无结果;on board搭乘(车、船、飞机等); out of sight在看不见的范围; in sight在看得见的范围; by birth就出生而言;on the/one's trip/journey to 在去某地的旅行途中;on foot步行;by phone通过电话;day by day逐日; day after day日复一日;in a way(= in a sense,也相当于more or less或多或少、有几分、差不多)从某种角度或程度上说;in no way绝不; in one's / the way(in the way of sb)妨碍某人; ; on the /one's way to 去某地的路上 ;out of the way偏离道路的、偏僻的;under way正在进行中; under repair / discussion / construction / investigation正在修理/讨论/建设/调查中 ;on fire/show/sale/exhibition/strike/business在燃烧/展览/销售/陈列/罢工/出公差之中 ; for sale待售;at one's own expense自费; at an expense of $100.以一百美元的费用 ; at the expense/cost of 牺牲 /付出.代价;at a low/high price以低/高价格; at the speed of.以.速度 ; at full speed全速(比较 with all speed全速);at war/ work/rest/lunch/school正在战争/工作/休息/吃午饭/上学;out of work失业;in work有工作; in class在课堂上; in good shape状况良好; in style(=in fashion)流行的 ; out of style(=out of fashion)不再流行的;in peace在和平/宁静中; in good order秩序良好; in the dark在黑暗中; in the sun在阳光下;in error错误地(做); by mistake弄错;by accident偶然地;on purpose故意地;to the purpose(to the point)中肯地; for/with the purpose of doing sth为了..目的; by means of 凭借;by all means务必、当然可以(用来回答请求); by no maens一点也不; by way of经由、为了 by the way顺便一提;in the long run/term就长远而言; in the short term/run就短期而言; in terms of 用..字眼、从角度; off the coast在海上; on the coast在沿岸; according to( in accordance with)依据; in the course of (=during);在..过程中; on the spot当场、立即; forreason因..原因; because of sth因为on one's back仰卧;behind one's back背后/背地里;(fall/go) on one's knees下跪; (stand)on one's feet站立、独立地;by day日间 ;out of breath(=breathless)上气不接下气;far from (doing) sth远离/完全不;from now on 从此以后; from then on从那时开始;at present (=at the present time)目前;at the age of 在..岁时;under control受控制之中;beyond control在控制之外;out of control不受控制;in control of管理、掌握 in the control of被.所控制;in charge of.. 负责 in the charge of由/被.负责;(sb be ) in possession of sth (某人) 拥有某物; in the possession of sb (某物) 为某人所拥有;on end直立、竖着、连续地; in general通常、一般而言;in search of寻找;in the eyes of在某人看来;(be/go ) on a diet 节食、吃限定食物;in doubt可怀疑的; without doubt无疑地;in honor of纪念 in hope of怀着.希望; in memory of纪念in praise of歌颂 ;in face of面对in need/want of需要far from.远离、 远非;in secret私下地; in ruins成为废墟; in need需要; in demand需求; in tens十个一组/包;in groups成群地;in store储藏着、准备着; on all sides在各个方面、到处;

　　 介词精选练习(表24):

　　 1.The boat is passing ______the bridge. A. under B.through C.across D.above

　　 2.We went to Nanjing _______October,1977. A.in B.on C.at D.of

　　 3.Macao is ________the south of Zhuhai. A.in B.at C.to D.above

　　 4._________the morning of June 27, they visited the Great Wall.

　　 A.In B. At C.On D.From

　　 5. My room is ________the third floor. A.at B.on C.in D.to

　　 6.They will leave a week _______today. A.from B.on C.by D.for

　　 7.We often go to the park _______Sunday morning.

　　 A.on B.in C.at D.from

　　 8.My aunt has worked in a clinic___________1949.

　　 A.after B.before C.till D. since

　　 9.The sewing machine is made _______China. A.of B.on C.in D.from

　　 10.His father will be back from London ________few days.

　　 A.since B.on C.in D.to

　　 11.We need fifteen more people _________ our team to do the job.

　　 A.but B.except C.as well D.besides

　　 12.My uncle lives _______105 Beijing Street.

　　 A.on B.at C.to D.of

　　 13.He slept well _______all the windows open. A.when B.while C.with D.because

　　 14.I don't think you can finish the work _______my help.

　　 A.since B.because C.without D.unless

　　 15.No one knew Mr.Benson's address_______his daughter.

　　 A.except B.excepts C.only D.beside

　　 16.Your new suit will be ready ______two days. A.in B.on C.for D.over

　　 17.It happened to be very cold _______the morning of our sports meet.

　　 A.at B.of C.on D.with

　　 18.Do you know any other foreign language _________English?

　　 A.except B.but C.beside D.besides

　　 19.__________his wife ,his daughter also went to see him.

　　 A.Beside B.Besides C.Except D.Except for

　　 20.He decided to visit the family __________Friday night.

　　 A.at B.in C. on D.over

　　 21.He suddenly returned ________ a rainy night.

　　 A.on B.at C.in D.over

　　 22.The doctor will be free _______.

　　 A.10 minutes later B.after 10 minutes C.in 10 minutes D.10 minutes after

　　 23.We offered him our congratulations_________his passing the college entrance

　　 exams. A.at B.on C.for D.of

　　 24.Did you have trouble ________the post office?

　　 A.to have found B.with finding C.to find D.in finding

　　 25.---If you keep on, you'll succeed_______.

　　 A.in time B.at one time C.at the same time D.on time

　　 26.She is well-known _____ her poems ,and she is also famous ____ an actress .

　　 A. for; for B. for; as C. as ;for D. by ;for

　　 27.---How long has this shop been in business?

　　 ------__________1982. A.After B.In C.From D.Since

　　 28.The train leaves at 6:00pm. So I have to be at the station________5:40 pm at the latest.

　　 A.until B.after C.by D.around

　　 29.For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree_____.

　　 A. in sight B.on earth C.at a distance D.in place

　　 30.I wanted two seats_________Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets.

　　 A.of B.about C.to D.for

　　 31. Your performance in the driving test didn't reach the required standard______, you failed.

　　 A.in the end B.after all C.in other words D.at the same time

　　 32.The mountains look grey ____ the blue sky . A. in B. under C. against D. to

　　 33. Dr silver is a man ____ we have the greatest respect .

　　 A. with whom B. to whom C. for whom D. on whom

　　 34. I do not like to read such a book , ___ , I am very busy now.

　　 A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for

　　 35. : Where is your uncle ? He has gone ____ the weekend .

　　 A. in B. at C. for D. on

　　 36. Do you know ____ I have bought this expensive coat ?

　　 A. to whom B. for whom D. by whom D. with whom

　　 37.___ hearing the good news that the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing , they all jumped up . A. For B. To C. On D. At

　　 38.The pianist began to play and the girl began to sing ____ the music.

　　 A. with B. along C. through D. to

　　 39. if you buy more than ten books we'll reduce the cost of each book____ 10% .

　　 A. at B. to C. for D. by

　　 40. Daddy was really cross ___ me when I broke the window and told him a lie .

　　 A. with B. to C. from ;D. for

　　 41. _____ the few who failed , all the other students were in very high spirits.

　　 A. Besides B. In spite of C. Except D. Because of

　　 42. Don't read ___the sun , but you can read ____the shade of the tree.

　　 A. in; under B.in C. under;under; D. at ;in

　　 43.-I am tired , Father , I don't want to clean the windows .

　　 ---Tired? ____ ? You have done nothing since morning .

　　 A. For which B. For what C. Because what D. Of what

　　 44.-The two pairs of shooes are ___ the same color . -----But they are different ____size .

　　 A. of ; from B. in C. from D. in;in

　　 45.The ship would have sunk with all___ board ____the efforts of the captain .

　　 A. on; but for B.except C. on; because of D. by; without

　　 46.___the Americans , Thanksgiving Day is a happy time like Christmas .

　　 A. In B. For C. Among D. With

　　 47. He has done everything ____ what I asked him to do .

　　 A. beside B. besides C. except D. without

　　 48.Washington , a state in the US was named ___ one of the greatest American presidents .

　　 A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of