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高中英语语法-高一英语总复习18

发布时间:2016-02-29  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  高一英语总复习18

   Unit 19-20, SBⅡ

   重点词语:

   1.make a decision做决定

   2.over time 长期以来

   3.bring in 引进

   4.be harmful to对有伤害

   5.be friendly to对友好

   6.as well as 也;还

   7.depend on依靠

   8.be short of缺少;不足

   9.a variety of种种

   10.instead of代替

   11.go against 违背

   12.year after year 一年又一年

   13.next to 隔壁;紧挨

   14.pass on向下传

   15.from generation to generation 一代又一代

   16.at sunset 在太阳落山时

   1

   难点讲解:

   1.raise

   [用法一] vt.举起;抬起;扬起;升起

   例1: The box is too heavy I can't raise it箱子太重我举不起来。

   例2: At that time I thought I could never raise my head again那时我相我可能再也抬不起头了。

   例3: The car raised a dust as it went by 轿车经过,扬起一阵尘。

   例4: The soldiers raised a white flag士兵举起的白旗.

   [用法二] vt 提高;提升

   例1:The price was raised to $10.价格升到了10美元。

   例2:Have you raised the wages?你长工资了吗?

   [用法三] vt 提出

   例如::May I raise a question before the meeting is close?散会前我可以提个问题吗?

   [用法四] vt 养大;培养;饲养;种植

   例1:They raised family in that village 他们养活那边村里的一家人。

   例2:That's the way he was raised 他就是这样被养大的。

   例3:The farmer raises cows and corn 那个农民养母牛,种玉米。

   [用法五] vt 招募,筹集

   例如:The foolish prince raised an army against his father

   那个愚蠢的王子招集了一支队伍与他父亲作对

   [相关链接1]

   raise a (one's) glass to 为祝酒

   例如:He raised his glass to his teacher.他向老师祝酒

   [相关链接2]

   raise ,rise与lift的区别:raise, 作及物动词,表示由于人为的原因而上升、提高。Rise作不及物动词,多指由于自然现象的原因而上升、提高。Lift是指用休力或机械力把某物从地面举到一定的高度。

   例1: The speaker raised his voice so that we could hear him

   演讲者提高了声音,以便我们能够听清楚。

   例2:As a result of the dam, the water level of the lake was going to rise by 63metres由于兴建了水坝,湖水的水面将升高63米。

   例3:Can you lift the basket from the ground?你能把这个篮子从地上提起来吗?

   2.time

   [用法一] n.[U]时间,时候

   例1: Time never stands still 时间不会停滞不前。

   例2: The time has come for us to speak out 是我们大胆讲话的时候了。

   [用法二]n.[C]一段时间,时刻

   例1:You have taken a long time writing the letter 你用了很长时间写这封信。

   例2:We had a good time together 我们一起度过了愉快的时光。

   [用法三]n.(多用复数形式)时代

   例1: He is of the best actors in modern tines 他是现代最好的演员之一。

   例2:In Shakespeare's time there were no actresses on the English stage 莎士比亚时代英国舞台上没有女演员。

   [用法四]n.次;倍

   例1:This is the first time that I have ever been abroad 这真是我第一次出国。

   例2: Your room is three times the size of mine 你的房间是我的三倍大。

   注意:作倍,次,必顺用于三次(倍以上,一、二次(倍)用once, twice表示

   [用法五](数学)乘

   例如:Three times five is fifteen

   三乘以五是十五.

   [相关链接]

   all the time 一直,总是 at the same time 同时

   from time to time 间或,时常,in time 及时

   on time 接时 at a time 一次,每次

   at times 有时,不时 ahead of time 提前

   once upon a time 从前 timetable 时刻表,功课表

   take one's time 慢慢来,不着急

   at one time (过去)有个时期,一度,同时

   have a good time 玩得高兴,过得愉快

   3.save

   [用法一]vt 救,挽救

   例如:The doctors managed to save his life from SARS医生经努力成功地把他从非典中抢救过来。

   [用法二]vt 节省;节约,存钱,储蓄

   例1:Doing this can save a lot of time and money 这样做可以节省大量的时间和费用。

   例2:He's saving to buy a car 他正在存钱准备买车。

   [用法三]vt 留下,保留,保住

   例如:I've saved you the rooms you had 我把房子保住了。

   4.advice

   [用法]n [U]忠告,劝告,建议

   1)a piece of advice 一条建议,劝告

   例如:If you take my advice and study hard, you will pass the exam如果你听劝,用功学习,你就会考试合格。

   2)give some advice on 就某事提出意见

   例如:In one of his books, he gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language well 在他的一本书中,他就如何学好外语给了我们一些忠告。

   3)follow/take one's advice 接受某人的意见

   例如:He followed my advise and study hard 他接受了我的建议,努力学习。

   [相关链接]

   advise v 劝告,忠告,建议

   例1:The teacher advised buying a new dictionary 老师建议买一本新字典。

   例2:The doctor advised her to stop smoking 医生劝好戒烟

   5.experience

   [用法一]n.[U]经验

   例1:She had no life experience at all她没有一点生活经验

   例2:She was a housewife with rich experience她是个经验丰富的家庭主妇。

   [用法二]n. [C]经历,经过的事

   例1: He has had more than one experience of prison他不止一次进过监狱。

   例2:It was a week before he could tell his experiences 一个星期之后,他才能说出经历的事。

   [用法三]v.经历,感受,感到

   例如:The city has experienced changes 这个城市经历了变化。

   6.guide

   [用法一]v.引导,引路;指导,指引

   例如:He fleshed a torch to guide me他打开手电筒给我引路。

   [用法二]n.向导,带路的人,导游

   例如:Their guide through the mountains was a young Indian

   一位年轻的印度人带领他们翻过那片山。

   [用法三]n.导游手册。指南,手册

   例如:Here's a guide to the British Museum 这儿有一本英国博物馆导游物册。

   7.allow

   [用法一]v.允许,准许(后面接动名词结构,即allow doing)

   例如:They don't allow paring in this street, which is too narrow

   他们不允许在这条街上停车,路太窄了。

   [用法二]v.允许,准许(后面接不定式的复合结构,即allow sb to do)

   例如: Please allow me to introduce myself to you 请允许我向你们作自我介绍。

   8.sunset

   [用法一]n. [C]落日景象

   例如:The sky was filled with the glow of the sunset 天空布满落日的光辉。

   [用法二]n.[U]日落时分

   例如: We got home just before sunset 刚好在太阳下山前我们赶到家。

   [相关链接]

   sunlight n.阳光(指光线) Sunday n.星期日

   sunrise n.日出景象 sunshine n.阳光

   sunny adj. 阳光灿烂

   sunless adj. 不见阳光的,没有阳光的。

   9.have an effects on

   have an effect on有对效果

   例如: It had an almost immediate effect on his thinking

   它在他的思想上几乎产生了立竿见影的效果

   1)be in effect 有效,生效

   例如: The coach says that players must be in bed by mid-night, and that rule is in effect tonight

   教练说从今晚起运动员必顺在半夜以前休息.

   2)come/go into effect 生效

   例如: The law went into effect yesterday

   该法律条例昨天起生效。

   3)take effect 生效,开始发生作用

   例如:It was nearly an hour before the sleeping pill took effect

   安眠药差不多半个小时后才开始起作用。

   10.make decisions

   make decisions=make a decision=decide决定

   例如: I hope we can make a decision today

   我希望我们今天能做出决定。

   11.go against

   例如:I'm not to go against my own family

   我不想违背自己家人的意愿

   [相关链接]

   be against 反对,违反,违背;不利于

   例1: I knew she was against us 我知道她反对我们。

   例2:Almost everything was against him几乎一切都对他不利。

   12.Spend

   spendon在上花(时间或金钱)

   例如:He spends a lot of money on books 他花许多钱买书.

   [相关链接]

   spend(in)doing sth.花(时间或金钱等)做某事

   例如:The government will spend money looking after the patients 政府要花钱去照料那些病人

   13.lead to

   lead to 引起,造成,导致;通向

   例1:Too much work and too little rest often lead to ill ness

   过多的工作和太少的休息经常导致生病.

   例2: His carelessness led to the accident 他的粗心酿成这起事故.

   例3:All roads lead to Rome 条条道路通罗马。

   [相关链接]

   1)lead sb. to do 导致某人做某事

   例如:What led you to believe it?什么使你相信它?

   2)lead alife 过着的生活

   例如:Many farmers in the west led a simple life 西部许多农民过着简朴的生活。

   14.make use of

   make use of 利用

   例1:You should train them to make use of reference books 你应该训练他们使用参考书。

   例2:Make good use of your rime 好好利用你的时间

   [相关链接]

   1)use up 用完

   例如:We used up all the bread at breakfast 早餐时我们把所有的面包都吃完了。

   注意:use up 为人作主语;give out (被用尽)为物作主语。

   例如:All the bread gave out at breakfast (意思同上)

   2)(be) in use 在使用

   例如:The telephone is in use 电话占线.

   3)out of use 不要使用,废弃

   例1: This railway is out of use 这条铁路报废了。

   例2: The custom has gone out of use 没有这种习俗了。

   4)(be)of use 有用处,起作用

   例如:I don't want it, but it may be of use to someone 我不要它了,可它也许对别人有用。

   5)put to use 加以利用

   例如:It is pity to throw anything away if it can be put to use 东西如果还可以用的话,丢掉就太可惜。

   15.bring in

   bring in 赚得,收获(庄稼);扯进来,请来;引入,增加

   例1:She'll be bringing nothing in for a long time 很长一段时间她都不会有收获。

   例2:The sale brought in over $200这笔买卖赚了200美元。

   例3:It is my own act Why do you bring my mother in?

   这是我个人行为,你为什么要把我母亲牵扯进来?

   例4:We can bring in some humour我们可以加些幽默。

   [相关链接]

   bring down 使倒下

   例如:Electricity lines as well as telephone poles were brought down by falling trees or branches 电线和电话杆都被吹到的树或树枝打倒了。

   bring up教育:呕吐

   例1: We were brought up to respect the old

   我们(从小)被教育要尊敬老人。

   例2:He was so ill that he brought up everything

   他病得很厉害,把胃里的东西都吐了出来。

   16.be of use

   be of use有用

   例如:A dictionary is of help to us 字典对我们有用。

   17.be harmful to

   be harmful to 对有害

   例如:Is this harmful to animals?这对动物有害吗?

   18..depend on

   depend on/upon 依靠,依赖

   例1:Health depends on good food ,fresh air and e-nough sleep

   健康要依靠好的食品、新鲜的空气和充足的睡眠。

   例2:I knew he wasn't to be depended upon我知道他不可靠

   例3:The price depends on the quality 价格取决于质量.

   19.as well as

   as well as同,和,也;既也

   例1: John can speak Chinese as well as French 约翰会说法语,也会说中文。

   例2:It is important for you as well as for me 它不仅对我重要,对你也是一样。

   例3:We shall travel by night as well as by day 我们白天、晚上都要赶路。

   [相关链接]

   1)as well也,和

   例如:I'm going to London and my sister is coming as well

   我要去伦敦,我妹妹也去。

   2)do well 做得好,长得好

   例1:He did very well at the school他在学校表现很好。

   例2:Everything in the garden is doing well院子里的植物长得很好.

   3)speak well of 赞扬

   例如:I have heard both English and Indians speak well of him

   我听见英国人的印度人赞扬他了。

   20.protect from

   protect from保护使不受

   例1:He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow他抬起胳膊保护着脸免受伤害。

   例2:Use an umbrella to protect yourself from the rain, please

   请用伞遮雨。

   21.a variety of

   a variety of 各种各样的、多种多样的

   例如:He offered a variety of excuses 他找了各种借口。

   22.work on

   work on 从事;对做工作;对产生影响

   例1:He sat up far into the night working on the docu-ments

   他起草那些文件直到深夜才休息。

   例2:Work on your father until he agrees 去说服你父亲同意。

   例3:Some pills work on the nerves and make people feel more relaxed有些药片对神经起作用,使人感觉更轻松.

   [相关链接]

   1)work out 使出来;制定;算出

   例1:The coin has fallen through a hole in the pocket I'll see if I can work it out 硬币掉进口袋的洞里了,我看看是否能弄出来。

   例2:We must work out a better method of saving paper 我们必顺制定更好的方法节约纸张。

  Have you worked out the exact figures?你们算出具体的数据了吗?

   2)work as当,做工作

   例如:It must be a hard life when she worked as a nurse during the SARS time她在非典时期的护士生活肯定很艰苦。

   3)work at 致力于

   例如:He is working at a new invention 他正在研究一项新的发明.

   23.instead of

   instead of 代替

   例1:I'll go instead of you 我代替你去。

   例2:We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator

   我们走下楼梯,没有乘电梯。

   例3:It's me that should ask you instead of you asking me

   应该是我问你,而不是你问我。

   [相关链接]

   instead of 和instead的区别:

   instead of 后面接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语;instead

   例如:I don't like this one Give me that instead

   我不喜欢这个,给我那个。

   24.year after year

   year after year年复一年

   例如:year after year I have had a card from him on New Year's Day每个新年我都收到他的贺卡。

   [相关链接]

   1)all the year round 整年地,一年到头

   例如:The weather is so good here that we can swim all the year round 这里天气是那么好,以致于我们整年都可以游泳。

   2)year by year 年年,每年

   例如:The birds like the cool wet climate there and thus their number increased year by year 那些鸟喜欢那里凉爽潮湿的气候,因而数量在逐年增加。

   25.make fun of

   make fun of取笑;嘲笑

   例1:People made fun of her because she wore such a strange hat.大家嘲笑她,因为她戴了一顶很奇怪的帽子。

   例2:It's impolite to make fun of the disabled. 嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。

   【相关链接】

   1)make a face(make faces)做鬼脸

   例如:The boy always made faces to make others laugh.这男孩总是做鬼脸让人发笑。

   2)make a mistake(make mistakes)犯错误

   例如:You should avoid making mistakes in writing your composition.你在写作文时要避免犯错误。

   3)make a sentence造句

   例如:Can you make a sentence by using the word make?你能用make这个词造句吗?

   4)make a fire生火

   例如:Let's make a fire to warm up.我们生个火吧,暖和一下吧。

   5)make the bed铺床(准备睡)

   例如:The child learned how to make the bed with his mother's help.这孩子在他妈妈的帮助下学会了铺床。

   26. act out

   act out使演出;表演

   例1:You should first write a short play according to the reading material used, then help your students act is out.首先你应当按照所使用的阅读材料编一个短剧,然后帮助学生把它演出来。

   例2:It's a good idea to act out short plays in English while you learn English.在学英语时,演英语短剧是一个好主意。

   【相关链接】

   1)act as担当

   His brother acts as a teacher.他哥哥是一位教师。

   2)be active in积极参加

   He is active in different activities. 他积极参加各种活动。

   3. look onas

   look onas把当作,认为是

   例如:We look on him as our best friend.我们认为他是我们的好朋友。

   【相关链接】

   认为是也可说成regard consider considerto be; treatas, see think ofas。

   27. at one moment

   an one moment在一瞬间

   例如:He didn't know what to do at one moment.一下子他不知道要干什么。

   【相关链接】

   1)in a moment一会儿

   例如:He'll he here in a moment.他一会儿就来。

   2)at that moment在那时刻

   例如:She was busy at that moment. 那时她正忙着呢。

   3)at any moment 随时

   例如:The car will be here at any moment.汽车随时都会来。

   4)at the moment眼下

   例如:I'm afraid the book is at school at the moment.我想那本书眼下在学校里。

   5)for the moment暂时

   例如:Let's leave the question for the moment.我们把这个问题暂时搁一搁吧。

   语法精讲:

   it的使用(1)--可以在句子中用作主语,起以下作用:

   1.用来代替不定式、动名词短语或从句,在句子中作形式主语。

   例1:It is foolish of you to be still worrying about it.

   你真傻,还在为这件事着急。

   例2:It's no use talking to him about it.

   和他谈这事没有作。

   例3:It is very likely that their group will get ahead f us.

   很有可能他们小组会赶到我们前面。

   2.用来指人、时间、日期、距离、环境或天气。

   例1:-Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门?

   -It's me. 是我。

   例2:It's rather windy today. 今天风挺大。

   例3:It was October. 时间是十月份。

   例4:It is about a night's journey to the place by train.

   到该地坐火车要一个晚上。

   例5:It was very quiet at the moment. 此时很安静。

   it的使用(2)--用来指要强调的内容:

   强调名的结构为It + be +要强调的部分 + that (who)+句子其他部分。在这种情况中,it 没有实际意思,它只是帮助改变一个句子的结构,使某一成分受到强调。以下句为例,借助it 可以改为几个强调句。

   例1:Yang Jun met your sister in the zoo yesterday

   昨天杨军在动物园碰见你妹妹。

   例2: It was Yang Jun who/that met your sister in the zoo yesterday 是杨军昨天在动物园碰到你妹妹的。

   例3:It was your sister that/whom Yang Jun met in the zoo yesterday 杨军昨天在动物园碰到的是你妹妹。

   例4:It was in the zoo that Yang Jun met your sister yesterday 杨军昨天是在动物园碰到你妹妹的。

   例5: It was yesterday the Yang Jun met your sister in the zoo 杨军是昨天在动物园碰到你妹妹的。

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