高一英语总复习14
语法精讲:
情态动词(Ⅲ)
must,can/could,may/might
1. must
(1)must 表示必须,应当,非不可.否定式是 must not 或 mustn't,表示强烈的禁止,意思是不得,不准,不应该.
e.g.You must tell your reason.
你必须说出你的理由.
You mustn't speak like that to your mother.
你不准像那样对你妈妈讲话.
(2)must 表示说话人对事物的猜测,意思是一定,准是,通常只用于肯定句中.
e.g.You must be tired after the long walk.
走了远路,你一定很累了.
(3)在回答带有must的问句时,否定式常用 needn't,表示不必,语气委婉.
e.g.Must I do it?
我必须做这事吗?
Yes,you must.
是的,你非做不可.
No,you needn't.
不,你不一定做它.
2.can/could
(1)can 可表示能力,可能性,许可,在口语中,can 可以代替 may.
e.g.You can go now.
你可以去了.
(2)could 是 can 的过去式,可用来表示请求,或陈述看法.语气比 can委婉,并不表示过去时态.
e.g.Could you let me put my head in the tent? It's so cold outside.
你可以准许我把头放在帐篷里吗?外面是这么冷.
3.may/might
(1) may 表示允许或征求对方许可,它的否定形式可用 may not,表示不可以,也可用 mustn't 表示不可以,不准,绝对不行等意思.
e.g.May I watch TV after supper?
我可以在晚饭后看电视吗?
(2) might 是 may 的过去式.
e.g.He said that I might go.
他说我可以去.
(3) may 和 might 表示现在或将来的可能性,表示说话人的猜测.
e.g.This may ( 或 might ) be true.
这事说不定是真的.
【重点难点解析】
构词法
英语主要有三种构词法:转化、派生和合成.
1.转化:由一个词类转化为另一词类.
(1)动词转化为名词
e.g.swimto go for a swim
lookto have a look at
studyto make a study
walkto take a walk
visitto pay a visit
(2)名词转化为动词
e.g.water(水)to water the trees (浇树)
plant(植物)to plant the vegetables (种菜)
fool(傻瓜)to fool somebody (愚弄某人)
hand(手)hand in the homework (交作业)
(3)形容词转化为动词
slowto slow down (慢下来)
emptyto empty the glass (倒空杯子)
(4)形容词转化为名词
richthe rich (富人)
youngthe young (年轻人)
2.派生:通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词.
(1)前缀
e.g.un- happy(快乐的) unhappy(不快乐的)
dis- like(喜欢) dislike(不喜欢)
im- possible(可能的) impossible(不可能的)
mis- understand(理解) misunderstand(误解)
super- market(市场) supermarket(超级市场)
kilo- metre(米) kilometre(千米)
in- visible(看得见的) invisible(看不见的)
ir- repdsr(规则的) irregular(不规则的)
re- write(写) rewrite(重写)
(2)后缀
e.g.-er work(工作) worker(工人)
-or visit(访问) visitor(参观者)
-ese Japan(日本) Japanese(日本人)
-ing build(建筑) building(建筑物)
-ment move(移动) movement(运动)
-ship friend(朋友) friendship(友谊)
-ful care(关心) careful(仔细的)
-ly brave(勇敢的) bravely(勇敢地)
-ence differ(不同) difference(不同)
-ance import(重要性) importance(重要)
-ure fail(失败) failure(失败)
-th true(真的) truth(真理)
-ity active(积极的) activity(活动)
-y difficult(困难的)difficulty(困难)
-ness ill(有病的) illness(疾病)
-ism social(社会的) socialism(社会主义)
-ist social(社会的) socialist(社会主义的)
-less care(关心) careless(粗心的)
-ive act(行为) active(积极的)
-ous fame(名声) famous(出名的)
-1y friend(朋友) friendly(友好的)
-en wood(木料) wooden(木制的)
-able comfort(安慰) comfortable(愉快的)
-en hard(硬的) harden(变硬)
3.合成:由两个或更多的词组成一个词.
e.g.good-looking好看的 peace-loving爱好和平的
reading--room阅览室 however然而
pencil-box铅笔盒 well-known出名的
everyday每天 son-in-law女婿
grown-up成年人 new-born新生的
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