ever在表示at any time时的注意点
一、ever这个副词主要的一个意思是 at any time,即 在任何一个时间,表示的是一个时间点。它不同于always。后者表示at all times或all the time,是一个表示连续意义的频率副词。正因为如此,有的语法学家把I will ever remember you看作是典型的错句,指出应将其改作I will always remember you.
二、ever在表示at any time时,往往用于疑问、否定及条件句中。它既可用来表示任何时候的习惯动作,谓语动词用一般现在时,又可表示过去的任何一个时间,即at any time in the past,谓语动词用过去式;既可表示迄今为止的任何一个时间,即at any time up to now ,谓语动词用现在完成时,又可以表示将来的任何一个时间,即 at any time in
the future ,谓语动词用将来时。至于ever的翻译则要灵活掌握,有时不必译出。请看以下各例:
Nothing ever happens in this village.(=at any time)这个村子里从来不会发生什么事。(含义是以前没有发生过,现在没有发生,将来也不会发生。)
How did you ever manage to do it?(=at any time in the past)你怎么设法办了这件事呢?
Has she ever talked to you about such matter?(=at any time up to now)她曾和你谈过此类事情吗?
If you are ever in the neighbourhood you must visit us.(=at any time in the future)如果你在将来任何一个时候到这附近,一定要来看我们。
请注意not ever就等于never:
He hasnt ever spoken to me.(=He has never spoken to me.)他从来没有跟我说过话。
You wont ever see her any more.(=Youll never see her.)你将永远不会再见到她。
尽管not ever在意义上等于never,但在一般情况下都用never一词而不用not ever,尤其在简略回答时决不能用not ever,如:
Have you ever been up in a balloon?
No,never.(or Not yet)(不能用not ever)
你乘过汽球吗?
没有,从来没有。(或还没有)
三、ever在表示 at any time 时也可用在肯定句中,主要用于进行比较的句子,因而产生了than ever(before)这个习语。
She was happier than she had ever been.(=She was happier than ever.)她比以往任何时候都高兴。
Many years later,I was going to Europe on one of the finest ships that ever ploughed the waters of the Atlantic.许多年以后,我搭乘一艘当时航行于大西洋的最漂亮的轮船去欧洲。
四、前面说到ever不等于always,但在旧的用法中,ever可等于always,而且要用在肯定句中,你可以不时地在一些词典中见到这方面的例句。张道真在《现代英语用法词典》中搜集了一些例句,现趁势其中的两句如下:
1.You will find me ever at your service.(ALD)你将会发现我会永远为你效劳。
2.He is ever ready to find fault.他随时会吹毛求疵的。
夸克等认为肯定句中的ever(=always)要比非肯定句中的ever(=at any time)用得少得多,仅限于一些正式场合。
(Assertive Ever is used much less frequently than non-assertive Ever.)
他们提供的ever=always的例句是:
I am ever open to new ideas(always,formal)我一向愿意接受新思想。(相当于always,用于正式语体)
Ever的这一意思仍然保留在一些短语和习惯用法之中,如:
ever-increasing population 日益增长的人口
evergreen trees 四季常青树
forever(and ever)(或者forever) 永远
Yours ever或Ever yours(用在书信末尾) 永远属于你的
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