词汇复习九种方法
经常听到考生问:离高考只剩下不到三十天时间了,还有必要背诵词汇吗?我的回答是非常必要,且应列为重中之重。
冲刺阶段考生首先要做到的是把阅读材料以及综合练习题中的生词和短语集中在一起
,用字典查一遍,注上音标、注解和典型用法。另外高考复习时会印发高考词汇表,大家必须将其从头到尾背34遍。
另外,我们在指导考生备考实践中也积累了许多扩大词汇量的好方法。下面择要介绍几种。
1.归类记忆:英语中有些动词后接不定式或动名词作宾语时有严格的区别,可以将它们分别归类,只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up ones mind,used,be about,be able等;只接动名词作宾语的词和词组有:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,cant help,keep(on),miss,be used to,excuse,be worth,imagine,put off等。这样,既可记住词汇,又可攻克语法难关。
2?逻辑记忆:通过单词本身的内部逻辑关系,或词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。(1)把几个字母看做一个组合来记,如:-ightlight,right,fight,night,might,sight,tight。(2)外旧内新,如:bridge桥看成b+ridge(ridge山脊);sharp看成s+harp(harp竖琴)。(3)外新内旧,如:cleave劈开看成c+leave;tact机智看成t+act等。
3?联想记忆:包括(1)音与形的联想。例如tomb的读音为[tu:m],很像土墓,进而联想出坟墓的含义。(2)形与义的联想。例如eye可想象y为鼻子,而两个e为左、右两只眼睛。(3)象声词,联想实际的声音,如:bang撞门声,coo咕咕声。
4?分类记忆:把单词划分门类,如:动物、植物等,进行分类记忆。你可以找一本分类字典作为参考。
5?卡片记忆:自己制作单词卡片随时随身记忆,卡片写上单词的词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等。
6?构词记忆:利用构词法,通过分析词根、前缀、后缀、派生和合成等结构变化记忆单词。这是扩大词汇最有效、最重要的办法。任何英语教材都会列出常见的词缀,注意就行。
7?阅读记忆:通过阅读英语文章、小说等记忆单词,注意难度要适宜。
8?同义、反义记忆:通过同义词一起进行单词记忆,可确切理解词义。通过反义词一起进行单词记忆,可以扩大词义。
9?比较记忆:(1)英汉(译音)比较,如:mama(妈妈),cigar(雪茄),beer(啤酒),bar(酒吧),fee(费用)等。(2)单复数的比较,如:goodgoods,spiritspirits,woodwoods。(3)同音词的比较,如:rightwrite,eyeI。(4)词的阴阳性的比较,如:actoractress,hosthostess。
最后,近日读书时,偶得一记忆方法口诀,可看做上述复习方法的总结,现摘录于下,与考生共勉:
(1)记单词,要五到,眼嘴手脑齐开炮;读写背默各几遍,印象清晰记得牢。(五到记忆法)
(2)记过单词莫靠边,几天之后再看看;似忘非忘又温习,反反复复印心间。(循环记忆法)
(3)单词多了别心烦,分片分组来攻占;五个一组先吃掉,几组连成一大片。(分组记忆法)
(4)结合词组句子记,有情有景有意义;重点段落须背诵,理解深刻有乐趣。(理解记忆法)
(5)要想单词不写错,语音一关还得过;读音规律掌握好,拼写自然少差错。(语音记忆法)
(6)分类归纳便于记,同类词汇放一起;bike,plane和jeep,归到交通工具里。(归纳记忆法)
(7)同义近义反义词,辨析对比来记忆,比较对照才开窍,印象深刻记得牢。(对比记忆法)
(8)单词长了容易忘,卡片纸条来帮忙;mathematics不好记,纸条贴到《数学》上。(卡片记忆法)
(9)构词法,要学习,前缀后缀有规律;转换常把词类变,合成本是二合一。(构词记忆法)
(10)课外读物有情趣,单词复现便于记;只要坚持常阅读,一举几得大有益。(阅读记忆法)
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