高中英语语法-细节理解题的解题思路及技巧之二

　　细节理解题的解题思路及技巧之二

　　上的转换，在转换过程中，考生易犯的错误是未注意到转换的准确性，常常将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，从而导致错误。例如：

　　The well-mannered Englishman at table holds and keeps his knife in his right hand，his fork in the left，cuts his meat and presses his vegetables into his fork．The well-mannered American first cuts up all his meat，then places his knife down on the right of his plate．Takes his fork in his right hand and with his fork lifts the food to the mouth．He will have coffee half way through his dinner before the pudding．The Englishman drinks his coffee after the dinner． And，of course，Americans are coffee-drinkers rather than tea-drinkers．The Englishman would be shocked at the American's idea of how tea should be made．

　　Question： A well-mannered American _______ ．

　　A．holds his knife in his right hand all the time at table B．doesn't use a knife during his meals

　　C．places his knife down on the right of his hand D．uses his knife only once during his dinner

　　解析：此题出错的考生多选C为答案，而正确答案为D。对照原文可知C的错误在于忽略了on the right of his hand与on the right of his plate的区别，依据place his knife down．．．可知刀不可能是放在手上的。此题考生的错误在于重视了细节中的左与右的区别，忽略了plate与hand的细微区别。

　　3?区分性：有时命题人会故意利用一些貌合神离的手段，比如给出与原文中一模一样的字眼来迷惑考生，让考生不加思索地选定答案，而实际上选项中的字眼与文中的相同字眼压根就不是对应同一事情。此类题属细节理解中的难题，要正确处理它们，要求考生找到细节对应点后，还得作仔细分析，联合句子的语境来辨析各选项与文中细节的异同。例如：

　　It would be pleasant to believe that all young girls in the past got married for romantic reasons；but the fact is that many of them regarded marriage as their only chance to gain independence from their parents，to have a provider，or to be assured of a good place in society．A couple of generations ago，an old maid of twenty-five did not have much to look forward to，she was more or less fated to remain with her parents or to live in some relative's home where she would help with the chores and the children．Not so any more．In the first place， women remain young much longer than they used to，and an unmarried woman of twenty- eight or thirty does not feel that her life is over． Besides，since she is probably working and supporting herslf，she is free to marry only when and if she chooses．As a result，today's women tend（倾向）to marry later in life．They have fewer childrenor none at allif they prefer to devoted themselves to their profession．The result is a decline in the birthrate．

　　The new role that women have developed for themselves has changed family life．Children are raised differently；they spend more time with adults who are not their parents：baby-sitters， day-care center personnel，relatives，or neighbors．Whether the gain or lose in the process is a hotly debated question．Some child experts believe that young children must spend all their time with their mother if they are to grow sound in body and mind．Others think that children get more from a mother who spends with themquality time（a time of fun and relaxation set aside for them）rather than hours of forced and unhappy baby sitting．And many child psychologists point out that children kept in day-care centers every day are brighter than those raised at home．No matter what it is，one thing about child raising seems to be certain，that the longer the child is with the mother，the better．

　　Question： It can be concluded from the passage that _______ ．

　　A．the birthrate is declining as a result of women's pursuit（追求）of careers

　　B．women have always been dependent（依赖）on their parents even after marriage

　　C．children must spend all their time with their mother if they are to grow sound

　　D．women today have developed a new role in family life

　　解析：本题答案为A，考生极易误选D。A项可从文中第一段最后三句话中求得依据，而D项错选的原因在于大部分考生只看到new role ／family life与文中细节的对应性，而未分析到两者谈到的完全是两回事。文中谈的是妇女参加工作（社会生活）改变了家庭生活，而D项中说的是妇女在家庭生活中的地位发生变化。