英语中表达数目和数量的特别方法
不可数名词没有表示复数的-s标志,因此前面不可有数目字,只可以有数量词。例如我们可以说①, 不可以说②:
①There is not much furniture in the office.
②There are not many furnitures in the office.
这是不是说不可数名词就不可数呢?不然。相反的,不可数名词也是可数的,主要方法是借重单位词(unit word),如:
a piece of, a cup of, a drop of, a lump of, a handful of, a flash of, a blade of, a head of, a bar of, an ear of等。
如果数目是超过一,就以确实数目取代一。例如:
two pieces of, three cups of 和 five lumps of 等。
现在试试把上述这类单位词和适当的不可数名词连用。
① Mr Li has just bought a piece of new furniture.
② Give me a cup of cold water, please.
③ Please put two lumps of sugar in my coffee.
④ The boy picked up two handfuls of sand from the beach.
⑤ We saw a flash of lightning in the sky.
⑥ The gardener pulled out blades of wild grass from the garden.
⑦ She gave bars of chocolate to the visiting children.
有些名词如 scissors, trousers, spectacles, tongs, pliers 等,都以复数形式出现, 如:
⑧ The scissors are lying on the table.
⑨ The spectacles fit me nicely.
如果要给这些名词表示单数一的意思,就要借重单位词了。例如:
⑩ Mary has just bought a pair of scissors.
(11) The mechanic repaired the machine with a set of pliers.
现代英语注重简洁,合成形容词便应运而生,其中有一种是用来表示数目的,方法是:
数目+名词,如:a five-year plan, a ten-dollar note, a two-hour meeting, a three-day conference等。
必须注意的是,这种合成形容词中的名词,只能以单数形式出现。如果用复数,就错了,如:
a five-years plan, a ten-dollars note, a two-hours meeting, a three-days conference.
这类错误,虽然频率不是很高,但也是要留意才好。
如果没有把握,不妨用完整的表达方式,如:
a five-year plana plan of five years, a ten-dollar notea note of ten dollars, a three-day conferencea conference of three days 等。
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