全面回顾被动语态(二)
二、 如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时,不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例 My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示据说或相信的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型It+be+过去分词+that从句或主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.。有:
It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道,It is believed that大家相信,It is hoped that大家希望,It is well known that众所周知,It is thought that大家认为,It is suggested that据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )
四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如 break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较:The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指门没有锁是人的原因)
2. 表示发生、进行的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable.
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