高中英语语法-主谓一致之一

　　主谓一致之一

　　主谓一致的问题看上去似乎很简单，其实使用起来却不是那么容易，有时候甚至很复杂。

　　这是因为在不同情况下，处理这一问题所依据的原则各不相同。就其在现代语法中的基本原则而言，通常有三个不同角度的着眼点：1、语法一致 2、意义一致 3、就近原则。

　　主谓一致的原则是指，主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。例如：

　　A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.

　　（主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式）

　　语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。

　　Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.

　　（主语是复数形式，谓语也采取复数形式）

　　语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则。

　　主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单，有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待：

　　#不定式、动名词、以及从句作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　Reading often means learning .读书常意味是学习。

　　To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。

　　What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。

　　## 不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。

　　Many a student takes a walk on campus after dinner.许多学生晚饭后常在校园里散步。

　　Every boy and girl shows great interest in extra-curriculum activities .每个男孩和女孩对课外活动都表现出很大的兴趣。

　　### 表示国家、机构、事件、作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of mysterious bits of folklore .

　　《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多神秘的民间传说。

　　The United States is leading the world in science and technology .

　　美国常在世界科技方面领先。

　　The United Nations play an important role in the international affairs .

　　联合国在国际事务中起着重要作用。

　　#### a portion, a series of, a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　A series of high technology products has been laid out in the exhibition. 一系列高科技产品已在展览上展出。

　　The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often surprises people even to death.

　　近来一些书籍里印刷错误的数量让人吃惊得要命。

　　A substantial portion of the reports is missing .这些报告都没有提及实质问题。

　　A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。

　　##### 由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语、或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。另外，由and连接两个主语时，谓语一般用复数。例如：

　　On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun. 海边，有些人在打排球，有些人躺着晒太阳。

　　Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。

　　A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。

　　###### 有些短语，如：a lot of, most of, any of, half of , three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词、或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：

　　A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday when the electricity was suddenly cut off. 昨天突然断电时，那家商店丢失了许多钱。

　　A lot of books about Investment Fund have been published recently.

　　最近出版了许多关于投资基金的书籍。

　　意义一致( Notional Concord )

　　这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。

　　1） 当主语后面接由as well as, as much as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than,no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单、复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。也就是说，我们完全可以将这些词组搬到句首或是放到句末去。从表面上我们也可以看出，它们与主语之间有，隔开。例如：

　　Petroleum, along with fuel gas, has recently risen in price.

　　最近石油和燃料煤气的价格上涨了。

　　The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a picnic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。

　　The students, together with their teacher , are going to have a picnic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。

　　The warehouse, with all its stockings, was burned last night.

　　昨晚，那个仓库连同其所有的货物一起被烧毁了。

　　我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去，因为它们在句子里是状语：

　　Petroleum has recently risen in price, along with fuel gas.

　　Along with fuel gas, petroleum has recently risen in price.

　　The students are going to have a picnic this weekend together with their teacher.

　　As well as the suitcase, the missing things have been found and returned to the owner.

　　The missing things have been found and returned to the owner, as well as the suitcase.

　　2) 表示时间、金钱、距离、体积、重量、面积、数字等词语作主语时，其意义若是指总量应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；但如果其意义是指有多少数量则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。例如：

　　Four weeks are often approximately regarded as one month.

　　人们常大约地将四个星期看成一个月。

　　Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life.

　　二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。

　　Eighty dollars are enough for a student to spend on food for one week.八十块钱给一个