代词(一)
代词是用来指代人或事物的词。代词可分为下列八类:
一、人称代词( Personal Pronouns ) we , I , you , they, us, me, etc.
二、物主代词( Possessive Pronouns ) our, my ,your, their, his, her, etc.
三、反身代词(Reflective Pronouns) ourselves, myself, yourselves, yourself , herself , etc.
四、相互代词( Reciprocal Pronouns ) each other ,one another , etc.
五、指示代词( Demonstrative Pronouns ) this , that , these , those , such , etc.
六、疑问代词( Interrogative Pronouns ) what, when, who, where, whose, etc.
七、关系代词( Relative Pronouns) what, when, who, where, whose , etc.
八、不定代词( Indefinite Pronouns ) any , some ,every , many , much , a little , etc.
我们对代词是很熟悉的,因此我不打算逐个地介绍每一类代词;我只想较具体地说明几个在使用代词时应注意的问题。
(一)指代必须准确无误
我们知道代词是用来指代人或事物的词,那么如果在使用代词时指代不清楚,就会引起他人的误解、费解、甚至不理解.例如:
While carrying the paint can from the garage to the house, Marry was afraid that some of it might spill on her new skirt. 当玛莉从车库把油漆罐搬到屋里时,她担心油漆会溅到她的新裙子上。
(二)关于人称代词、反身代词、物主代词在使用这三类代词时,我们要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数、及性和格的一致性。
(三)反身代词的作用
反身代词在句子中可作宾语:当它作动词宾语时,动作的执行者与承受者往往是同一个人或同一件事物;当它作介词by的宾语时,则表示强调。例:
The prisoner killed himself by taking poison. 犯人服毒自杀了。
He finished the work by himself. 他独自完成了那件工作。
反身代词在句子中也可作同位语,用来加强名词或代词的语气,强调某人亲自、
本人;这时它可能在名词、代词之后,也可能在句子末尾。例:
The students will clean the classroom themselves. 学生们将自己打扫教室。
I myself heard him say it . 我亲耳听他说的。
(四)物主代词
形容词性物主代词只能作定语,例:
My brother often does his homework in his room. 我的弟弟常在他房间里做作业。
The newly-built house is our laboratory. 那幢新建的房子是我们的实验室。
Anything has its character individually. 任何事物都有其各自的特征。
名词性物主代词则可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语。它的意义= 形容词性物
主代词+名词;或者说它相当于名词。例:
His dictionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English. 他的词典是英汉的,我的是全英的。
We each bought a new book. Yours is about management and mine is about the American history. 我们一人买了一本书。你的是关于管理的,我的是关于美国历史的。
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