所有格及of+名词结构的用法
A. 如上所述,名词的所有格形式主要用于人、国家或动物,但也可用于下列场合:
1. 表示船只及其部件的所属关系:
the ships bell船上的钟
the yachts mast游艇的桅杆
2 .表示属于飞机、火车、汽车以及其他车辆或飞行器及其部件的所属关系,虽然of+名词结构用在这些场合较为稳妥:
a gliders wings/the wings of a glider滑翔机的机翼
the trains heating system/the heating system of the train火车的供暖系统
3. 表示时间:
a weeks holiday一周的休假
todays paper今天的报纸
tomorrows weather明天的天气
in two years time两年的时间之内
ten minutes break十分钟休息
two hours delay两小时的耽搁
也可以用a ten-minute break,a two-hour delay:
We have ten minutesbreak/a ten-minute break.
我们有十分钟的休息时间。
4. 用于钱+ worth结构中:
£ls worth of stamps面值一英镑的邮票
ten dollarsworth of ice-cream值十美元的冰淇淋
5. 用于for+名词的所有格形式+sake结构中:
for heavens sake看在老天爷的面上
for goodnesssake看在上帝的份上
6. 用于下列说法中:
a stones throw 投石之遥(很近)
journeys end路程尽头
the waters edge水边
7. 可以说 a winters day 或a winter day(一个冬日)及asummers day或a summer day(一个夏日);但是,不可以用spring(春季)和autumn(秋季)当所有格形式,除非把它们人格化:Autumns return(秋天的来到)。
8 .一些特定的名词用其所有格形式时,可省去后面的名词。
a/the bakers/butchers/chemists/florists的意思是面包师/屠夫/药剂师/花匠的店铺。同样,a/the house agents/travelagents是房产经纪公司/旅行社的意思,而the dentists/doctors/vets是牙科诊所/医生诊所/兽医诊所的意思:
You can buy it at the chemists.
这个你可以在药房里买到。
Hes going to the dentists.
他去牙科诊所了。
一些商业家的名称也可以这样用:
Sothebys索斯比拍卖行
Claridges克拉里奇商店
一些有名气的商场等的店号就用姓氏+所有格形式,但有时把
一撇()都省略了:
Foyles福叶尔商店
Harrods哈洛德百货公司
有时人名也可以这样用,以表示某某人的家:
We had lunch at Bills.
我们在比尔家吃了午饭。
We met at Anns.
我们是在安家里遇见的。
B. of+名词结构表示所属关系:
1. 当表示拥有者的名词由短语或从句修饰时用of+名词结构:
The boys ran about,obeying the directions of a man with a whistle.
男孩子们按带哨子的男人的指示四处奔跑。
I took the advice of a couple I met on the train and hired a car.
我听从了在火车上遇见的一对夫妇的建议,租了一辆小汽车。
2. 除了上述A中所列的名词外,无生命的拥有者也要用of+名词结构表示:
the walls of the town城市的城墙
the roof of the church教堂的屋顶
the keys of the car小汽车的钥匙
然而名词1+of+名词2常常可以用名词2+名词1来代替:
the town walls城市的城墙
the church roof教堂的屋顶
the car keys 小汽车的钥匙
这时第一个名词变成了一种形容词,不用复数形式:
the roofs of the church=the church roofs教堂的屋顶(参见第16节。)但名词+of+名词结构不能都用这种方法来代替,在没有把握的情况下最好还是用of结构。
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