[怎么提高英语写作能力] 英文应试作文之二
的中学里(美国人管中学叫high school,junior high相当于我国的初中,senior high相当于我国的高中),语文教师教学生写作文,有严格的套路。第一段必须开门见山,紧扣题目。随后各段展开,从正、反两方面去论述,最后一段是结论,再回到第一段提出的主题。用美国人的说法叫做:introduce,develop,sum up.每一段落本身,也得按一定路数来写。段落的第一句,往往是主题句(topic sentence),把本段的中心思想点明,随后便是若干个支承句(supporting sentences),用以支持主题句所提出的观点。这样的作文套路,几乎成了一种定式。有人认为,这样容易造成学生思想僵化,干脆不定任何框框,让学生凭着自己的灵感,想怎么写就怎么写。不过,似乎多数人还是认为,应该教给学生必要的写作套路。
我们中国学生写作文,自古以来也有一个固定的套路,叫做:起、承、转、合。文章的第一段是起,就是破题,把题目的要旨点出。然后,文章的第二部分是承,用一段或数段文字,通过正面的事例或论点,支承你在破题段落中阐明的基本观点。文章的第三部分,树一个对立面,然后对反面的观点加以批驳。文章的最后一部分便是合,也就是一个归纳总结,给出结论性意见。
我们现在讨论的是英文应试作文。这种作文的评分,主要看的是文字本身,而不是文章是否有灵感。 所以,最简便的办法,就是按固定的套路来写这类应试作文。有一些考生,看到作文题之后,花很多时间去构思,就是不知道从什么地方下笔。就算你想出很好的构思,可是,你的英语水平,却并不能让你自由表达,再说,严格规定的30分钟时间,也不容许你畅所欲言。所以,应试作文的基本策略是,按固定的套路写作。不是你想说什么就说什么,而是你能说什么才说什么。你不会说重男轻女,就千万不要逐字死译成heavy men light women。
为了学会按固定套路写应试作文,考试前要找一些试题做几次模拟练习。必须在规定时间内写出符合上述6条评分标准的作文。还要学会打腹稿,就是拿到命题之后,在1、2分钟之内,确定整篇作文的基本框架。怎样起,拿什么正面事例来承,拿什么反面事例来转,最后又怎样合。
为什么笔者一再谈到用事例展开作文呢?因为举例的自由度最大。你总可以找到你会写的事情来举例。
4.应试作文示例
Directions:
A)Title:The Most Important Thing in the World
B)提示:有人认为,世界上最重要的东西是钱。许多人不同意这个看法。
请就这个问题谈谈你的意见。
C)Time limit:30minutes
D)Word limit:150~200words
E)Your composition must be written clearly on the Composition Sheet.
The Most Important Thing in the World
In my opinion,the most important thing in the world is TIME.However long one may live,his life consists of a certain number of years,and a year has only12months,a month30days and one day24hours.Once you waste one hour,you can not get it back no matter how much you would pay for it.
Even though you are the richest person in the world,you can not afford to waste your time,because it means that you are wasting your life.Even though you are the most powerful person in the world,one hour has60minutes for you just as for everyone else who struggles at the bottom of the society.
Some people think that the most important thing in the world is money.In their opinion,if you have enough money,you will have everything you want.I would like to ask them a simple question:Can you buy time?
The only thing with which we can win more time is efficiency.If you work with high efficiency,you can do more in a certain period of time than other people.
作文点评:
1)这篇作文使用了固定写作套路:起、承、转、合,逻辑思路清楚。
2)全篇所用词汇,几乎都是初中阶段就学过的熟词,从而避免了用词不当或拼写错误。
3)文章中使用了多种句式,表明作者具有一定的写作技巧。
4)本文满足字数要求。
5)本文可以考虑打12分或13分(满分为15分)。
6)从本文的示例可见,要写好应试作文,并非难事。
7)词数统计:总词形数=188,总单词数=92,其中88个是中学阶段学过的单词。
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