未曾实现的愿望、打算表达法种种(二)
11. would rather + 不带 to 的动词不定式的完成式结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望。例如:
I would rather have gone to the cinema last night, but my old friend came to see me.
昨天晚上我本来想去看电影的,但我的一位老朋友来看我了。
He would rather have learned another foreign language, but he was too busy.
他本来是想再学一门外语的,可是他太忙了。
12. would rather + (that) + 主语 + 动词过去完成时 / 情态动词 +have+ 过去分词结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望。例如:
I would rather I had stayed at Toms, but he refused.
我本来是想呆在汤姆家的,但他拒绝了。
I would rather you could have come and helped me at that time.
我本想着你那时能来助我一臂之力的。
13. would like / love + 动词不定式的完成式结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望。例如:
I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
昨天晚上我很想去参加聚会,但是我得加班写一个报告。
I would like to have given you a call, but I forgot.
我本来想给你打电话的,但却忘记了。
14. would have liked + 动词不定式结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望。例如:
I would have liked to go to the ball, but I was not invited.
我本想去参加那个舞会的,但没人邀请我。
Jack would have liked to practise law, but his father told him to join the army.
杰克本来是想搞法律的,但他父亲却要他从军。
15. if only + 主语 + 动词过去完成时 / 情态动词 +have + 过去分词结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望。例如:
If only you had gone to the party.
你要是去参加晚会该多好!
If only I could have had enough money.
我当时要有足够的钱就好了。
16. would that + 主语 + 动词过去完成时 / 情态动词 + have + 过去分词结构表示过去未曾实现的愿望。例如:
Would that I had seen ( could have seen ) her before she went abroad.
我真希望在她出国前能见到她。
17. 用表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句表示过去未曾实现的愿望。即从句用过去完成时,主句用 should ( might, could, would ) + have + 过去分词。例如:
If I had been there, I would have helped him.
如果我那时在那儿,我就帮助他了。
If I had had a single cent, I could have lent it to you.
如果我当时有一分钱我也能借给你。
18. should / ought to have done sth 表示过去应该做某事而实际上没有做到;其否定式则表示过去不应该做某事而实际上做了,含责备的意味。例如:
Jenny should have kept her word, I wonder why she changed her mind.
詹妮应该说话算数的,我不知道她为什么改变了主意。
Tom ought not to have told me your secret but he meant no harm.
汤姆本不该把你的秘密告诉我的,但他并没有恶意。
19. could have done sth 表示过去可能发生但事实上并未发生某事。例如:
I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
Oh, did you? You could have stayed with Barbara.
我在纽约的时候住在一家旅馆里。
啊,是吗?你本来是可以和巴巴拉住在一起的。
20. would have done 表示过去想实现但实际上未实现的愿望或要求。例如:
I would have walked there but something was wrong with my leg.
我本来是想步行到那里去的,但我的腿出了毛病。
21. had better + have done 表示过去未曾实现的愿望。例如:
We had better have gone to the football match last night.
要是我们昨天晚上去看那场足球赛就好了。
湖北杨开成 张秀清
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