语法同位语从句用法小结(2)
四、同位语从句的语气
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为建议;命令;要求的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用should +动词原形的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer. 老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出来的。
The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks. 政府下令三个星期内所有这些房子都要拆掉。
五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别
区别(1)
同位语从句和先行词是同等的关系;而定语从句是用来修饰先行词,是从属的关系。
区别(2)
that在同位语从句中没有词义,不充当句子成分;而在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等句子成分。
区别(3)
whether,what,how可以用来引导同位语从句;而它们不能用来引导定语从句。
区别(4)
1. 从词义角度看问题
who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导同位语从句是保持原来疑问词的含义;它们用来引导定语从句时,不具有疑问词的含义。
2. 从搭配角度看问题
who,whom,which,when,where,why用来引导定语从句时对应性很强,如:
先行词是人,引导词用who等,而它们引导同位语从句是先行词通常是question,idea,doubt等。
六、典型例题
例1:I have no idea when he will be back.
析:he will be back意义不完整,应加什么时候的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。
例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.
析:he went home意义不完整,应加如何的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。
例3:Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)
A.while B.that C.when D.as
析:答案为B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于:
It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.
A.what B.that C.when D.as
析:答案为B.that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。
例4:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
A.it B.which C.this D.that
析:答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于:
I cant stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
析:答案为D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。
重要链接:同位语从句专项语法习题
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