英语中的种种省略现象(二)
三、简单句中的省略
1.省略主语
(1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略 如:(You) Open the door,please.
( 2)其它省略主语多限于现成的说法 如:
① (I) Thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助。
② (It)Doesnt matter.没关系。
2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分
如:①(There is) No smoking .禁止抽烟
② (Is there)anything else ? 还有其它事吗 ?
③ (You come)This way please.请这边走。
④ (Will you) Have a smoke ? 抽烟吗 ?
3.省略宾语
如:Do you know Mr. Li ? I dont know (him.)
4.省略表语
如:Are you thirsty ? Yes,I am (thirsty)5.同时省略几个成分 如:Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗 ?(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了。(I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好运/祝你顺利。
四、动词不定式省略,只保留to 的场合
1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的有:love,like,care,wish,hope,expect,prefer,refuse,mean,try,oblige,advise,persuade,agree,want,afford,forget,remember,try,manage等。如:(1)(2000上海春) You should have thanked her before you left . I meant to,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere .你本该在离开前谢谢她,我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。(2) You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做,你可以这么做。
2.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:ask,tell,advise,force,persuade,wish,allow,permit,forbid,expect,order,warn 等。如 :
(1)(NMET1995) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him not to .
(2) She wants to come but her parents wont allow her to
3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有 :happy,glad,eager,anxious,willing,ready 等。如: (NMET1995) I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ? Not at all .I would be happy to
4.不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:be able to,be going to,have to,ought to,used to等。如: He doesnt like fish but he used to 他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。
五、动词不定式to 的省略
1.主语部分有to do,系动词 is 或 was 时,作表语的不定式通常省去to.如: The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必须做的唯一事情是按按钮。
2.作介词but,expect,besides 的宾语,前面又有实意动词 do时,不定式通常省去to. 如:He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-independence timetable.他说陈水扁除了推进支持独立的时间表外,什么也没有做。
3.主语部分暗含to do,表语中的不定式通常省去to.如:All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .我想要(做)的就是上学,努力学习。
4.当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。如:It is easier to say than to do .
5.在would ratherthan 等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略。 如:I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。
6.在see,watch,notice,hear,listen to,look at,feel,have,make,let,observe 等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to; why (not) do 结构 中,不定式不带to.
(1) I saw her enter the room . 我看见她进入了房间。
(2) Why not join us ?为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢?
六.其它一些省略结构
1.名词所有格修饰的名词,若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时,常常可以省略。如:We spent the weekend at the Marys.我们在玛丽家过的周末。
2.What和 how引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语 it 和be动词 如:
(1) What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Tom !
(2) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child .
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