对称原则中的省略现象
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_____it more difficult.
A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make
在解这道题之前,我们先来探讨以下三个问题:
一、对称原则及其在高考试题中的应用
并列连词and.or,but,while等连接的前后两个部分有某种对称性,或曰前后的词形要一致。
比如说前面是动词,后面也要是动词;前面是过去式,后面也要是过去式;前面是主动语态,后面也要用主动语态,如此等等。掌握这种对称原则,对解单项填空和短文改错有很大用处。下面举数例高考试题佐证。
例1:My brother ______while he ______his bicycle and hurt himself.(MET89)
A.fell,was riding B.fell were riding
C.had fallen,rode D.had fallen,was riding
[分析]答案A.根据对称原则,and连接的并列谓语时态要一致,后面hurt是过去式,前面也应用过去式fell.while从句表示fell动作发生的时间是在骑自行车时,应用过去进行时。
例2:On saturday afternoon,Mr Green went to the market,_____some bananas and
visited her cousin.(MET91)
A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy
[分析]答案A.此题是含and连接的三个并列谓语,第一,三个动词用了过去式(went,visited),第二个必然要用过去式。
例3:Playing football not only makes up grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.(NMET98)
[分析] not only but also 在这里连接并列谓语,根据对称原则,前面用的是一般现在时单数第三人称形式makes,后面一个应是一般现在时单数第三人称,故这行give应改为gives.
例4:They eager to know everything about 93.______China and asked me lots of questions.(NMET96)
[分析]在这道改错题中这句话的主语是they,and连接的并列谓语第二个是过去式asked,根据对称原则,第一个也应是过去式。但eager是形容词,前面须加be的过去形式were.
二、对称原则中的省略现象
两个(或更多)作用相同的词,词组并列使用,后面一个为了避免重复而将与前面一个相同的情态动词,助动词、不定式前面的to和名词前面的冠词等省略。高考试题中并列结构第二个省略某些词语现象时有出现。又如:
例5:The police found that the house______and a lot of things ______.(MET91)
A.has broken into,has been stolen B.had broken into,had been stolen
C.has been broken into,stolen D.had been broken into,stolen
[分析]答案D.主句谓语动词found后有两个并列的宾语从句,因为其主语the house和a lot of things是物,谓语动词应用过去完成时被动语态。为避免重复第二省略了相同的助动词had been.
例6:The car was quite old but in excellent condition.
这部车子相当旧,但机器性能还非常好。
[分析]but后省略了相同的连系动词were.
例7:The noun is the name of a person or thing.名词是人或物的名称。
[分析]thing前省略了相同的冠词a.
例8:It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.(NMET96)89._____.
[分析]此题it是形式主语,and连接两个不定式to meet me 和to drive me 是真正的主语。为避免重复第二个不定式要省略to,所以drove要改成drive.
三、具有对比意义时,第二个不定式不省略to
To be or not to be that is the question.是生是死,就是问题所在。
I came not to scold,but to praise you.我来不是骂你,而是夸你的。
To try anf fail is better than not to try at all.尝试失败总比不尝试好。
两个不定式相距较远,即使中间没有对比关系,为避免意思上的含混,后面不定式to也不省略。如:
We are to take the train to Hancow and after that to travel up the Changjiang River by ship.我们将坐火车到汉口,然后再坐船沿长江往上行。
现在回到本文开头的那道高考题,它含有用逗号分开的两个不定式短语,to make life easier 和not tomake it more difficulet,句中并列作连系动词be(is)的表语,因为有强烈的对比意义,不定式符号to不省略,所以B为其正确答案。
搜狐教育社区
委内瑞拉军队挫败叛变军人领导的袭击
The Power of Idol 偶像的力量
站在微波炉前会被辐射吗?不用太担心!
国际英语资讯:Economic reforms in Serbia reflected in booming trade with Netherlands: Dutch FM
国际英语资讯:Egypts Sisi urges faster railway development to avoid deadly crashes
国际英语资讯:Kenyas Kenyatta wins re-election, pledges to unite nation
国际英语资讯:Britain to have transitional period after leaving the EU: ministers
Softball question?
国际英语资讯:German startups expect better business in next six months: Study
国际英语资讯:Spotlight: Trump intensifies attacks at McConnell over health care failure
Happiness Is Around Me 幸福在我身旁
国际英语资讯:Investigation reopens against Brazilian former president Lula
10部门联合发布“共享单车指导意见”
国际英语资讯:Nearly 1.6 mln Ukrainians displaced as conflict enters 4th year: UNHCR
国际英语资讯:Slovenian presidential election set for Oct. 22
国际英语资讯:Chinas mobile apps exceed 4.02 mln
成都一咖啡馆将松狮犬染成"熊猫色"
国际英语资讯:Venezuela rejects Trumps threats of violence
道歉用比sorry更地道的表达方式
Should Students Share Housework 学生应该分担家务吗
The Most Beautiful Scenery 最美的风景
肯尼亚总统大选开始投票
福布斯全球10大高薪作家:JK罗琳问鼎,《权游》编剧落榜
国际英语资讯:At least one dead in car crash after violent rally in Virginia, U.S.
朝鲜“正在研究”对关岛实施导弹打击的计划
国际英语资讯:Iran adopts economic diplomacy as key foreign policy
国际英语资讯:Spotlight: Battle to break siege on Syrias Deir al-Zour imminent as IS loses Al-Sukhnah ci
李白《将进酒》英语翻译赏析
国际英语资讯:Merkel offers more money to tackle refugee crisis
国际英语资讯:France urges DRRK to comply with obligations, prevent further tensions
| 不限 |
| 英语教案 |
| 英语课件 |
| 英语试题 |
| 不限 |
| 不限 |
| 上册 |
| 下册 |
| 不限 |