逗号考点全析
标点符号在英语中往往易被同学们所忽略。其实正确掌握标点符号,尤其是逗号,对分析句子结构与解题有着十分重要的作用。
一 . 逗号用于并列成分之间。如果并列成分只有两个,且已有连词连接,则不须再用逗号连接;但三个或三个以上的并列成分之间,除最后两个并列成分用连词连接外,其余均须用逗号隔开。如:
1. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, _______ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
析:答案为 A 项。句中三个谓语动词相连,时态一致,属 A,B and C 句型。
2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
析:答案为 B 项。句中的两个不定式短语作表语,其间并无连词连接,这时第二个不定式符号 to 应保留,且第二个不定式前要用逗号与主句隔开,以区分表示目的的不定式。
二 . 逗号用于同位语、定语与句子的其他部分之间。如:
3. Greenland, _______ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometres.
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
析:答案为 D 项。句中 Greenland 后面逗号的部分,在没有连词的情况下不可为 A 项的分句; B 项因 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句而被排除; C 项因缺少引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词 which 而被排除。句中 the largest island in the world 作 Greenland 的同位语。
4. The Olympic Games _______ in 776 BC, did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
析:答案为 C 项。句中两逗号之间是过去分词短语作后置定语,相当于非限制性定语从句 which was first played ,强调动作的被动,并且表明该动作在说话时已经完成。
三 . 逗号用于作状语的分词短语前后。如:
5. European football is played in 80 countries, _______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes
C. made D. to make
析:答案为 A 项。若选 B 项或 C 项,句子就会因缺少连词或主语而被排除。逗号在英语中不是并列连词,所以其前面的结构如果是主句,则其后面的就应是从句或短语。 A 项和 D 项分别为现在分词与不定式,都可以作状语,但不定式作状语置于句尾时,除句中有插入成分,一般不用逗号隔开,故只能选 A 项。
四 . 逗号用于 with 的复合结构与主句之间。如:
6. _______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
析:答案为 C 项。 with 的复合结构作状语且置于句首时,其后通常要用逗号与主句隔开。
五 . 逗号用于非限制性定语从句的前后。如:
7. Carol said that the work would be done by October, _______ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
析:答案为 D 项。英语中,非限制性定语从句通常要与主句用逗号隔开, which 引导的非限制性定语从句通常要置于句尾,起补充说明的作用。
六 . 逗号用于置于句首的状语从句后;但从句置后时,也可用逗号与主句隔开。如:
8. _______, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
析:答案为 D 项。 however 引导的让步状语从句置于句首时,其后通常要用逗号与主句隔开。 however 引导的让步状语从句后通常要紧跟形容词或副词,但主谓并不倒装。
七 . 逗号用于两个并列单句之间,且逗号后面须接连词。如:
9. Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but _______ didnt help.
A. he B. which C. she D. it
析:答案为 D 项。 but 连接两个并列的句子,其后面的句子缺少主语,故选 it ,指代前面已被提及过的同一事物。
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