短文改错策略初探
短文改错的目的是检测考生对书面语篇的校验能力。本题给出一篇约 100 个单词的英语短文,要求考生对标有题号的每一行做出判断,若有错误就将其改正。短文中的错误往往要在不同程度上借助语境来进行判断,因此,短文改错主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性及考生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性及考查的语言观察能力与评价能力。短文改错的测试注意了语言知识的覆盖面,考查的内容主要有:名词、形容词、冠词、连词、动词、介词等。因此,我们应全面了解其错误类型,对症下药,探寻解题策略。
一、针对动词错误的解题思路
1. 如果该动词作谓语,可考虑其时态、语态。做短文改错题时,应通读全文,看文章写的是何时发生的事情,把握住总的时态、语态,再确定各分句中谓语动词的时态。如:
( 1 ) I'd like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. (改为 have )
( 2 ) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (改为 passed )
( 3 ) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (改为 visited )
2. 如果该动词不作谓语,可试着改成非谓语动词的适当形式( to do, doing, done )或其他从句,也可以把动词改成相应的名词形式。如:
( 1 ) I look forward to hear from you soon. (改为 hearing )
( 2 ) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also (改为 playing )
( 3 ) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (改为 climbing )
二、针对名词错误的解题思路
名词的主要考点在其单复数形式上,常见的错误类型有:物质名词或抽象名词用复数形式,名词单复数与修饰语不一致,规则动词与不规则名词复数变化混淆使用,名词前可能缺少相应的冠词或名词前没有加 be 动词无法构成系表结构等。因此,解题时,应根据谓语动词单复数或语意来确定名词的单复数形式。如:
( 1 ) As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. (加 a )
( 2 ) What your favourite sport? (加 is )
( 3 ) Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. (加 the )
( 4 ) They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subject . (改为 subjects )
三、针对冠词错误的解题思路
高考英语短文改错题对冠词的考查几乎年年都有,其考点主要设在缺少冠词或多用、错用冠词上。如:
( 1 ) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (改为 one )
( 2 ) I'll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (加 a )
( 3 ) Today I visited the Smiths - my first visit to a American family. (改为 an )
四、针对介词错误的解题思路
在介词前加上适当形式的 be 动词,构成系表结构;注意介词搭配是否正确;如果介词是多余的,应去掉。如:
( 1 ) Their school in the center of the city. (加 is )
( 2 ) They drove the car in turns. (改为 by )
( 3 ) But we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. (去掉 about )
五、针对形容词错误的解题思路
如果形容词在句中作谓语,它的前面应有适当的系动词;注意形容词与副词、名词之间的转化以及形容词不同比较级的运用。如:
( 1 ) They eager to know everything about China. (加 are )
( 2 ) I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together. (改为 wonderful )
( 3 ) He went home as quick as possible. (改为 quickly )
( 4 ) With more and more TV sets, the world is now small than before. (改为 smaller )
六、针对连词错误的解题思路
英语中句与句之间需使用并列或从属连词时,我们要从上下文来判断句与句之间的关系是并列、转折、选择、递进还是其它关系,从而选择恰当的连词;在复合句中,应根据主从句之间的关系来判断连接词使用是否准确,要注意句子结构的完整性。如:
( 1 ) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (改为 or )
( 2 ) The food was expensive and the service was good. (改为 but )
( 3 ) People do not know each other often become friends after they have played together. (加 who )
( 4 ) What things are in other homes, I wonder. (改为 How )
以上列举了短文改错题中常出现的几种错误类型,当然还有其它的错误类型,比如:重复现象、指代关系错误及定语从句使用错误等。做题时,应从整体上去理解,从上述几方面综合观察句子是否有错,不能只拘泥于一两个方面而忽视其它可能出现的错误,要逐行查改(一般情况下,十题当中有一题是正确的),最后复读核定,审看语言和行文逻辑等方面是否正确。
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