动词时态的设题特点及应试策略
动词时态题是高考英语中的一个重要考点。现笔者就结合历年高考英语试题中的动词时态题,将其设题特点及应试策略分析如下。
一、根据题干中直接给出的时间状语来判定相应的时态。通过让考生对题干中所提供的时间状语及其在语境中对动词时态限制的分析来做出正确的判断,从而考查考生对动词时态基本用法的掌握情况。如:
1. How can you possibly miss the news? It ___________ on TV all day long.
A. has been B. had been
C. was D. will be
析:答案为 A 项。通过题干中所给的时间状语( all day long )为段时间及前一分句所用的动词时态可以判断,说话人所强调的动作是到现在为止,之前一直在进行的动作,而且还有可能要继续下去,故应用现在完成时。
2. John and I ___________ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ___________ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen
B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
析:答案为 D 项。根据上下文语境及第一句中的时间状语可知,第一句谓语的动作是强调到现在为止做朋友已有 8 年了,故应用现在完成时;由第三句中的时间状语 before that ( that 指代的是第二句的内容)可知,本句强调的是在过去某时间点之前所发生的动作,故应用过去完成时。
应试策略:
解答该类题时,应注意:首先,考生要有夯实运用动词时态的基本功,能正确认识不同的时间状语在不同时态中的运用;其次,考生在解题时,应充分利用题干中所给的时间状语及所提供的语境,并正确区分同一时间状语在多种时态中的用法,最终做出正确选择。
二、题干中虽给出时间状语,但考生不能根据所提供的时间状语直接作答。考生应排除时间状语的干扰性及迷惑性,根据上下文语境来正确判断。此类题主要考查考生对某些时间状语在特定语境中动词时态特殊运用的掌握情况。如:
3. You havent said a word about my new coat,Brenda. Do you like it?
Im sorry,I ___________ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.
A. wasnt saying B. dont say
C. wont say D. didnt say
析:答案为 D 项。题干中所提供的时间状语 sooner 给考生带来了很大的干扰性。通常考生会受到 soon (不久;很快)的影响,而误选 C 项(一般将来时)。其实, sooner 可补全为 sooner before ,即先前;早些时候,强调过去,同时根据答话人的语气,表明是对过去所发生事情表示出的歉意,所以,应用一般过去时。
4. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ___________ from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
析:答案为 C 项。一般来说,当句中有表示将来的时间状语时,通常谓语动词要用一般将来时。但本题中表示将来的时间状语 next year 出现在主句时间状语的定语从句中,这就干拢了考生的思维。本句中 by the time 后接的是宾语从句,省略了关系副词 when ,在这种定语从句中通常要用一般现在时表示将来时。
应试策略:
解答该类题时,考生要特别注意不能受题干中所给时间状语的迷惑,应充分利用题干中所暗示的条件,排除干扰,并根据上下文语境做出正确判断。
三、题干中不直接给出时间状语,句中动词时态的确定必须完全根据上下文的语境来判断。此类题主要考查考生对动词时态在语境中灵活运用的能力。如:
5. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
Where was I?
You ___________ you didnt like your fathers job.
A. had said B. said
C. were saying D. had been saying
析:答案为 C 项。根据题干中的语境,考生仅能通过说话人意图所指的动作发生的时间来判断该动作并非指现在,而是发生在过去且强调在过去某段时间持续的状态。实际上,答话人的答语是一个省略了状语从句的句子,完整的句子应为: When I interrupted you, you were saying you didnt like your fathers job. 故应用过去进行时。
6. The price __________,but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. went down B. will go down
C. has gone down D. was gone down
析:答案为 C 项。分析题干,尽管句中没有表示现在完成时的时间状语,但根据后面的并列分句可知,主句的动作应是强调从过去某一时刻开始,一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去,故应用现在完成时。
应试策略:
解答该题时,考生要注意根据上下文中所给的特定语境条件,如通过分析说话人的意图来推断句中动作所发生的时间等,充分利用题干中所提供的其他动词时态的暗示条件,综合分析,再做出正确判断。
江苏李晓月
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