谈谈英语中的倒装
英语句子的基本语序是主语+谓语+其它成分,即主语在前,谓语在后。但有时出于修辞上的需要,我们将句子的整个谓语或者谓语的一部分放在主语前面,这就构成了倒装。倒装通常分部分倒装和完全倒装两种。
一、部分倒装
将谓语中的助动词或情态动词置于主语之前,就是部分倒装。部分倒装通常出现在以下场合:
1. 陈述句变为疑问句时,主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如:
They are talking about the new film. Are they talking about the new film?
They are talking about the new film. What are they doing?
2. only + 状语 / 状语从句位于句首时,句子的主语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如:
Only yesterday afternoon did I finish my experiment.
Only in this way can you catch up with your classmates.
Only when you get to the top of the mountain can you see the tower.
3. 表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时,主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如:
Never shall I do the same thing again.
Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
Hardly had we finished our dinner when the electricity was cut off.
4. 在含有 had , were , should 的虚拟条件句中,可以省略 if ,将 had , were , should 放在主语之前,构成部分倒装。例如:
Had you come here, you would have met the film star.
Were I you, I would take the money.
Should any one come to set me free, I would make him very rich.
5. 在 so that 句式中,如果 so 引导的部分前置,主句中的主语和谓语需用部分倒装。例如:
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
6. 当 so, neither, nor 位于句首时,可将其后与上面重复的谓语的一部分置于主语之前,构成部分倒装。例如:
He has been to Beijing.
So have I.
Liu Jia cant answer the question.
Neither/Nor can Lai Fan.
说明:
1 ) so 位于句首时,具备三个条件才可以将主语和谓语部分倒装:① so 表示也的意思;②上句是简单句的肯定句;③上句的主语和 so 引导的句子主语不同。如果 so 所在的分句的主语与上句的主语相同,这时 so 的意思是的确, so 分句中的主、谓语无须倒装。例如:
Jenny has decided to turn in the wallet.
So she has.
2 )上面的句子有两个或两个以上的分句,而且这些分句中的谓语动词又不属于同一类型,但它们所陈述的情况也适合另一个人或物时,常用的结构为: So it is/was with 例如:
Li Juan is a pretty girl and she studies in No.1 Middle School of Enshi.
So it is with Meng Lu.
二、完全倒装
将整个谓语部分置于主语之前即为完全倒装。这种完全倒装的语序出现在下列场合:
1. away , down , up , in , out 等副词位于句首且主语为名词时,可将 come , go 等表示位置转移的动词放在主语之前;但主语为代词时,主语和谓语不倒装。例如:
The door opened and in came the teacher.
Down he sat by the table.
2. here 和 there 位于句首,且主语为名词时,可将主语和谓语全部倒装。例如:
Here is your rice.
There goes the bell.
3. 当句首的表语或状语是表示地点的介词短语时,句子中的主语和谓语要全部倒装。例如:
On the front wall is a blackboard. On the back wall hangs a map of China.
4. 有时为了使上下文紧密衔接,也要用完全倒装。例如:
They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
5. 直接引语前置,引导语中的主语是名词时,主语、谓语通常要完全倒装。例如:
Something is wrong with the machine, said Xiao Dan.
[巩固练习]
1. Look, ___________.
A. here the bus comes B. here is the bus coming
C. here comes the bus D. here the bus is coming
2. Out ___________, with a stick in his hand.
A. did Mike rush B. rushed Mike
C. Mike rushed D. Mike did rush
3. ___________, you cant lift yourself up.
A. Even youre strong B. In spite youre strong
C. How strong you are D. Strong as you are
4. Only when you realize the importance of foreign languages ___________ them well.
A. you can learn B. can you learn
C. you learned D. did you learn
5. Never before ___________ seen such a wonderful film.
A. am I B. was I C. have I D. shall I
6. Not only ___________ to stay at home, but he was also forbidden to telephone his friends.
A. he was forcing B. he was forced
C. was he forcing D. was he forced
7. No sooner ___________ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.
A. she had fallen B. had she fallen
C. she had fell D. had she fell
8. Hardly ___________ down ___________ he stepped in.
A. had I sat; when B. I had sat; when
C. had I sat; when D. had I sat; than
9. She has passed the exam.
___________.
A. So am I B. So have I
C. So I have D. So I am
10. He didnt meet Mr Smith.
___________.
A. Neither did she B. Nor didnt she
C. Neither she did D. So didnt she
Key :
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. C
6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A
湖北杨顺学
2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (33)
考研英语阅读篇章汉堡主题跑鞋五月上市
2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (26)
考研英语阅读篇章三十岁前应在职场经历的十五件事
考研英语阅读篇章之李克强总理答记者问精彩语录回顾
考研英语阅读篇章之10个好习惯利用好时间
考研英语阅读篇章之EQ是把双刃剑
考研英语阅读篇章之告别宅生活
考研英语阅读篇章之个性青年迷笛音乐节上遛白菜
2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (34)
考研英语阅读篇章职场规划中要避开的误区
考研英语阅读篇章如何规划周五快乐过周一
考研英语阅读英国大学反作弊海报写满公式变免费小抄
考研英语阅读篇章之春假
2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (24)
考研英语阅读篇章之在树林里考试防热防作弊
考研英语阅读篇章以色列外科医生的中国情结
考研英语阅读篇章之物联网
考研英语阅读篇章周二工作效率最高
考研英语阅读篇章检查面试后无offer的原因
考研英语阅读篇章之巴西迎世界杯游客面临天价
2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (27)
2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (23)
2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (35)
考研英语阅读篇章送给母亲节的礼物
考研英语阅读篇章中华美食十大特色
考研英语阅读篇章之睡前玩手机影响睡眠伤眼睛
考研英语阅读篇章之留学生活面面观
2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (42)
2015年考研英语阅读习题演练 (40)
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |