alone,lone
这一对词都有单独、孤单(having no other person or thing nearby)之意,但用法有所不同。
就词性而言,alone既可作形容词,又可作副词;而lone只能作形容词,不能作副词。例如:
He is alone.(adj.)
He live alone.(adv.)
A lone bird flew past.(adj.)
用作形容词时,alone只能作表语;而lone一般只能作定语。例:
I am alone.(不能说: I am an alone person)
我独居。
She wants to make a lone flight.
她想单独飞行。
在现代英语里,alone和lone跟lonely涵义不同,前二者只表示单独,没有感情色彩,但后者则表示孤单、寂寞的感受。例:
Though I was alone in Hong Kong,I did not feel lonely.
虽然我独居香港,但是我并不感到寂寞。
The lone traveller led a lonely life.
那独行客过着寂寞的人生。
关于alone一词,在使用时要注意几点:
(一)alone是表语形容词,因此,我们不能说:very alone,只可以说much alone或very much alone。
(二)alone虽然作单独、孤单解,但它并不一定用于表示贬义的场合,因为有些人生来就喜欢孤单和清静,例如下句中的alone就是反映这个涵义:
Leave me alone.
不要打扰我。
(三)alone用在名词或代词之后可以表示唯有、唯独之意。例:
Jackson alone knows what happened.
唯有杰克逊一个人知道出了什么事。
You alone can help me in this task.
只有你才能在这件事中帮助我。
(四)let alone是固定词组,其义为更不用说、不在话下。例:
He can speak Spanish,let alone English.
他能说西班牙文,英语就更不在话下了。
He can't drive a car,let alone a truck.
他连小汽车都不会开,更不用说开卡车了。
由例句可见,let alone与to say nothing of同义,它们可互换使用。
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