2010年高考英语语法精讲十二：基本句型

英语的五种基本句型结构：

　　主语 + 不及物动词 (SV)

　　主语 + 连系动词 (SVC)

　　主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (SVO)

　　主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语(SVOD)

　　主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(SVOC)

　　1. S + V

　　He works. He is studying.

　　① 主语　＋　谓语(vi.) ＋ 状语(从句)

　　The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere

　　② 主语　＋　谓语(vi.) ＋ 名词短语

　　We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years.

　　2. S + V + C

　　He is a student / in yellow / there

　　① 主语 + be + 表语　　表语由下列词充当：名词、形容词、副词、介词（短语）、动词不定式、分词（短语）、动名词、从句等

　　② 主语 + 其它连系动词 + 表语　　　这些连系动词包括：appear, continue, feel, go(变成), keep, lie(处于状态), look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn

　　Bob lay sick.

　　His dream comes true.

　　3. S + V + O

　　An idea struck me.

　　① 主语　＋　谓语(v. + prep)　＋　宾语

　　It depends on the weather. 备用词：act as, agree on / with / to,

　　arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to,

　　prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about

　　② 主语　＋　谓语(v. + adv.)　＋　宾语

　　I thought over the plan. I thought it over.

　　备用词：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in

　　NOTICE: v + adv. + prep.

　　get along with, add up to, do away with,

　　break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with

　　v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of,

　　take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in

　　③ 主语　＋　谓语　＋　宾语　＋　介词　＋　宾语

　　The teacher punished him for being late.

　　Congratulate him on his success.

　　Compare this with that.

　　4. S + V + O + D (间接宾语由代词和名词充当)

　　① 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语

　　Will you lend me your pen, please ?

　　She bought him many toys.

　　② 主语 + 谓语 + 直接宾语 + 介词 + 代词或名词

　　Will you lend your pen to me, please ?

　　She bought many toys for him.

　　备用词：pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave

　　5. S + V + O + C 宾语和宾补之间的关系有两种：主表关系；

　　主谓关系。宾语可由形容词、副词、介词、动词不定式充当

　　主表：① I find the book interesting. (主谓宾＋形容词)

　　② I saw him there. 　　　(主谓宾＋副词)　

　　③ I found the book on the desk.　(主谓宾＋介词)

　　④ We elected him monitor. (主谓宾＋名词)

　　主谓：①They saw the thief running away. (主谓宾 + 现在分词）

　　②Where did you see him knocked down?　(主谓宾＋过分词)

　　③ What makes you think so ?　(主谓宾＋动词不定式)