高三英语语法复习：it句型总结

　　一、 It作形式主语的句型

　　为使句子平衡，往往把it置于句首作形式主语，而把真正的主语（通常是不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句）移至句末。It 作形式主语的句型有：

　　㈠ it 代指不定式短语的句型

　　1. It takes + (sb.) + sometime / some money + to do sth.

　　做某事花去某人多长时间

　　It took me three days to prepare for the examination. 我花了三天准备那次考试。

　　It takes a lot of money to buy a house like that. 买那样一幢房子需要很多钱。

　　2. It takes + 名词 + (for sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事需要

　　It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak.

　　对安妮来说，教我说话需要极大的信心和想象力。

　　3. It is + 形容词 + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事是 的

　　常用于该句型的形容词比较多。for sb. 的句型 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better等。of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 等。

　　It was kind of you to help us.谢谢你对我们的帮助。

　　It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living.懒汉谋生是越来越困难了。

　　4. It is + 名词 + to do sth. 做某事是 的

　　常用于该句型的名词有：manners, duty, fun, good, a great honour等。

　　It is our duty to pay taxes to our government. 向政府交税是我们的义务。

　　5. It is + ones turn + to do sth. 轮到某人做某事

　　It is his turn to take the children to school.今天该轮到他送孩子们上学了。

　　6. It is + up to sb. + to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任或义务

　　Its up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应竭尽所能地给予他们帮助。

　　㈡ it 代指动名词短语的句型

　　7. It is + 名词 + doing sth. 做某事是

　　用于该句型的名词有：no good, no use, hard work, a nuisance, a waste of time, a great honour等。

　　Its no use/good (in) crying over spilt/spilled milk.事已至此，后悔也无用。（牛奶已泼，哭也没用。）

　　It was a nuisance having to wait for such a long time.要等这样久真烦人。

　　8. It is + 形容词 + doing sth. 做某事真

　　用于该句型的形容词有：pleasant, useless, senseless, worthwhile, dangerous等。

　　It was pleasant meeting you in London that day.那天在伦敦见到你真高兴。

　　㈢ it 代指名词性从句的句型

　　9. It + be + 名词 + that从句

　　用于该句型中的名词有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, a good thing, good news, no wonder等。

　　惯用句型有：

　　It is common knowledge that　 是常识

　　It is a surprise that　　 令人惊奇的是

　　It is a fact that　　　　 事实是

　　It is no wonder that 难怪

　　It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.真遗憾，她犯了这样一个错误。

　　It is no wonder that he has passed the examination.难怪他考试及格了。

　　It was a stupid thing that he didnt listen to his teacher.他不听老师的话，真蠢。

　　10. It + be + 形容词 + that从句 是

　　用于该句型中的形容词有：clear, obvious, true, certain, important, strange, natural, surprising, fortunate, good, wonderful, funny, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, quite clear, unusual等。

　　惯用句型有：

　　It is necessary that　　　 有必要

　　It is important that　　　 重要的是

　　It is obvious that　　　　 很明显

　　It is important that we (should) learn English well.我们学好英语是非常重要的。

　　It is necessary that the students (should) remember all the new words.学生记住所有的新单词是必要的。

　　11. It + be + -ed 分词 + that从句 据 是 的

　　常见的过去分词有：said, reported, learned, announced, known, decided, expected, believed, considered, declared, felt, hoped, seen, supposed, thought, understood等。

　　惯用句型有：

　　It is said that　　 据说

　　It is reported that 据报道

　　It is believed that　 大家相信

　　It is hoped that　 大家希望

　　It is well known that 众所周知

　　It is thought that　 大家认为

　　It is suggested that　 据建议

　　It has been decided that 大家决定

　　It must be remembered that务必记住的是

　　It is said that he has gone to the USA for further study.据说他已去美国深造了。

　　It has been decided that we should design the machine ourselves.已经决定我们自己来设计这部机器。

　　12. It + 及物动词 + 名词 + 从句

　　It makes no difference to me whether its foggy or clear.对我来说，天气有雾或晴朗没什么关系。

　　It doesnt make any difference to me whether he goes or not.不管他是否去对我都没有什么影响。

　　13. It + 不及物动词 + that分句

　　常见的不及物动词有：seem, happen, look, appear, come about, turn out, occur等。

　　惯用句型有：

　　It appears that　　　　　 似乎

　　It (so) happens (that)　　（那么）碰巧

　　It occurred to me that　　 我突然想起

　　It seems that he is sick. (= He seems to be sick.)看来他似乎有病。

　　It happened that he wasnt there. (= He happened not to be there.)碰巧他不在哪儿。

　　14. It doesnt matter (to sb.) + 从句 （对） 都无所谓

　　It doesnt matter to me what he says.对我来说，他说什么都无所谓。

　　注意：It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。

　　其句型为：

　　(1)suggested

　　It is 　 (2)important　　　　that+ (should) do

　　(3) a pity

　　(1) suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do

　　(2) important, necessary, natural, strange + (should) do

　　(3) a pity, a shame, no wonder + (should) do

　　It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

　　It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.

　　二、 It 作形式宾语的句型

　　㈠ it 代指不定式短语的句型

　　15. 主语 + find(make, feel) it + 形容词 (+ for sb.) + to do sth.

　　I find it easy enough to get on with Tom.我觉得与汤姆相处很容易。

　　16. 主语 + find(make, feel) it + 名词 + to do sth.

　　He felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr. Smith.他觉得把事实告诉史密斯先生是他的职责。

　　㈡ it 代指动名词短语的句型

　　17. 主语 + think + it + 名词 + doing sth.

　　We thought it no use doing that.我们认为做那件事是无用的。

　　18. 主语 + think + it + 形容词 + doing sth.

　　I dont think it worthwhile taking such trouble. 我想不值得这么费事了。

　　㈢ it 代指名词性从句的句型

　　19. 主语 + find(make, think) it + 名词 + that从句

　　I consider it a great shame that I didnt pass the examination. 我认为我考试不及格是件非常羞耻的事。

　　20. 主语 + find(make, think) it + 形容词 + that从句

　　I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好呆在这里。

　　21. 主语 + take it for granted + that从句

　　I took it for granted that you would stay with us.我以为你当然会留在我们这里。

　　22. I hate(like, enjoy, love) + it + when从句 我不喜欢/喜欢 该句型中it用于hate, like, enjoy, love等动词后，充当形式宾语。

　　I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我很不喜欢人们吃着东西说话。

　　三、 It 用于强调结构句型

　　23. It is/was + 被强调部分 + that 是 的 此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。

　　It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.

　　It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.

　　It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.

　　It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.

　　What was it that made you so happy?使你这么高兴的到底是什么？

　　Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the college yesterday?

　　24. It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that 直到 才

　　It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.

　　It is not until I have seen it with my own eyes that I will believe it.

　　25. It is/was not (被强调部分)+ that是 而不是

　　It is/was not but (被强调部分)+that不是而是

　　It was last week not yesterday that she met your brother in New York. 她是在上周而不是在昨天，在纽约看见你弟弟的。

　　It was not last week but yesterday that she met your brother in New York.

　　26. It is/was because + that 是因为 才

　　It was because he was ill that he had to see a doctor.是因为病了，他才不得不去看医生的。

　　27. It is/was not because but because + that 不是因为 而是因为 才

　　It is not because she is beautiful but because she has a talent for music that I recommend her.

　　我不是因为她美，而是因为她有音乐天才，才推荐她的。

　　28. It is/was + (被强调部分) + (that) + that 正是 的这个 才

　　It is the fact that we have spent all our money that we must face.

　　正是我们已花光我们所有钱财的这一事实，才是我们必须面对的。

　　It was that he was chosen that made us very happy.正是他被选中这件事，才使我们非常高兴的。

　　It is in the factory (that) we visited last week that his father works.他父亲工作的地方，正是上周我们参观的那家工厂。

　　四、 It 用于特殊结构句型

　　㈠常用固定句型

　　29. It is + time + for sb. to do sth　到时间了; 该到了

　　It is + time(about time, high time) + (that) sb. did sth. 时间已迟了; 早该了

　　It is time for you to go to bed.　 你该睡觉了。

　　It is time you went to bed.　　　你早该睡觉了。

　　It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

　　It is time that the children went to bed. (= It is high time that the children should go to bed.)

　　30. It is + the first / second time（表次数）+ that从句 这是第一次 /第二次 该结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

　　It is the first time that I have visited the city.

　　31. It is + 一段时间 + since从句 It has been + 一段时间 + since从句 自从 以来已经

　　该句型中 It is since可代替It has been since ，意思不变。

　　It is (= has been) five years since we last met.自从我们上次见面以来已经有五年了。

　　It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成为研究生已有两年了。

　　注意：since从句中用延续性动词或状态动词的一般过去时，通常表示动作或状态的完成或结束。

　　It is five years since he lived here.他不住在这儿已五年了。

　　It is a long time since he smoked.他戒烟已有好长时间了。

　　It is three years since he joined the army.他参军三年了。

　　It is three years since he was in the army.他复员（离开军队）三年了。

　　32. It be + 一段时间+ before从句 好久 就 该结构中be可以换用其他半系动词，也可以用将来时。

　　It was some time before he could speak.过了好一会以后他才说出话来。

　　It was not long before I realized my mistake.不久我就意识到了我的错误。

　　It may be many years before we meet again.我们可能要好多年以后才能见面。

　　It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary.我们要用很长时间才能完成这本词典。

　　㈡固定习语句型

　　此类句型颇多，现就高中出现的列举一二：

　　33. It / That (all) depends. 要看情况而定

　　--- Can you come to the party tonight? --- It all depends when I finish my paper.

　　34. Its /Thats too bad + (that)从句. 太不幸了；太可惜了；真糟糕

　　It is too bad Jack doesnt know German better.真可惜杰克的德语没有学得更好一些。

　　35. When / If it comes / came to the point, . 到了紧要关头；到采取行动或作出决定的时候

　　When it came to the point, he refused to help. 到了紧要关头时，他却拒绝援助。　　 　　一、 It作形式主语的句型

　　为使句子平衡，往往把it置于句首作形式主语，而把真正的主语（通常是不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句）移至句末。It 作形式主语的句型有：

　　㈠ it 代指不定式短语的句型

　　1. It takes + (sb.) + sometime / some money + to do sth.

　　做某事花去某人多长时间

　　It took me three days to prepare for the examination. 我花了三天准备那次考试。

　　It takes a lot of money to buy a house like that. 买那样一幢房子需要很多钱。

　　2. It takes + 名词 + (for sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事需要

　　It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak.

　　对安妮来说，教我说话需要极大的信心和想象力。

　　3. It is + 形容词 + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事是 的

　　常用于该句型的形容词比较多。for sb. 的句型 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better等。of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 等。

　　It was kind of you to help us.谢谢你对我们的帮助。

　　It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living.懒汉谋生是越来越困难了。

　　4. It is + 名词 + to do sth. 做某事是 的

　　常用于该句型的名词有：manners, duty, fun, good, a great honour等。

　　It is our duty to pay taxes to our government. 向政府交税是我们的义务。

　　5. It is + ones turn + to do sth. 轮到某人做某事

　　It is his turn to take the children to school.今天该轮到他送孩子们上学了。

　　6. It is + up to sb. + to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任或义务

　　Its up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应竭尽所能地给予他们帮助。

　　㈡ it 代指动名词短语的句型

　　7. It is + 名词 + doing sth. 做某事是

　　用于该句型的名词有：no good, no use, hard work, a nuisance, a waste of time, a great honour等。

　　Its no use/good (in) crying over spilt/spilled milk.事已至此，后悔也无用。（牛奶已泼，哭也没用。）

　　It was a nuisance having to wait for such a long time.要等这样久真烦人。

　　8. It is + 形容词 + doing sth. 做某事真

　　用于该句型的形容词有：pleasant, useless, senseless, worthwhile, dangerous等。

　　It was pleasant meeting you in London that day.那天在伦敦见到你真高兴。

　　㈢ it 代指名词性从句的句型

　　9. It + be + 名词 + that从句

　　用于该句型中的名词有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, a good thing, good news, no wonder等。

　　惯用句型有：

　　It is common knowledge that　 是常识

　　It is a surprise that　　 令人惊奇的是

　　It is a fact that　　　　 事实是

　　It is no wonder that 难怪

　　It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.真遗憾，她犯了这样一个错误。

　　It is no wonder that he has passed the examination.难怪他考试及格了。

　　It was a stupid thing that he didnt listen to his teacher.他不听老师的话，真蠢。

　　10. It + be + 形容词 + that从句 是

　　用于该句型中的形容词有：clear, obvious, true, certain, important, strange, natural, surprising, fortunate, good, wonderful, funny, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, quite clear, unusual等。

　　惯用句型有：

　　It is necessary that　　　 有必要

　　It is important that　　　 重要的是

　　It is obvious that　　　　 很明显

　　It is important that we (should) learn English well.我们学好英语是非常重要的。

　　It is necessary that the students (should) remember all the new words.学生记住所有的新单词是必要的。

　　11. It + be + -ed 分词 + that从句 据 是 的

　　常见的过去分词有：said, reported, learned, announced, known, decided, expected, believed, considered, declared, felt, hoped, seen, supposed, thought, understood等。

　　惯用句型有：

　　It is said that　　 据说

　　It is reported that 据报道

　　It is believed that　 大家相信

　　It is hoped that　 大家希望

　　It is well known that 众所周知

　　It is thought that　 大家认为

　　It is suggested that　 据建议

　　It has been decided that 大家决定

　　It must be remembered that务必记住的是

　　It is said that he has gone to the USA for further study.据说他已去美国深造了。

　　It has been decided that we should design the machine ourselves.已经决定我们自己来设计这部机器。

　　12. It + 及物动词 + 名词 + 从句

　　It makes no difference to me whether its foggy or clear.对我来说，天气有雾或晴朗没什么关系。

　　It doesnt make any difference to me whether he goes or not.不管他是否去对我都没有什么影响。

　　13. It + 不及物动词 + that分句

　　常见的不及物动词有：seem, happen, look, appear, come about, turn out, occur等。

　　惯用句型有：

　　It appears that　　　　　 似乎

　　It (so) happens (that)　　（那么）碰巧

　　It occurred to me that　　 我突然想起

　　It seems that he is sick. (= He seems to be sick.)看来他似乎有病。

　　It happened that he wasnt there. (= He happened not to be there.)碰巧他不在哪儿。

　　14. It doesnt matter (to sb.) + 从句 （对） 都无所谓

　　It doesnt matter to me what he says.对我来说，他说什么都无所谓。

　　注意：It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。

　　其句型为：

　　(1)suggested

　　It is 　 (2)important　　　　that+ (should) do

　　(3) a pity

　　(1) suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do

　　(2) important, necessary, natural, strange + (should) do

　　(3) a pity, a shame, no wonder + (should) do

　　It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.

　　It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.