一、will / shall+动词原形与be going to+动词原形
两者均可表示将来时间和意图,有时可以换用。如:
I think itll rain this evening. / I think its going to rain this evening. 我想今晚会下雨。
I wont tell you about it. / Im not going to tell you about it. 我不会把这事告诉你的。
两者的区别是:
1. 若是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的,则通常要用be going to;若是表示某个意图没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的当时才临时想到的,则通常用will。比较:
Ann is in hospital. 安住院了。
Oh, really? I didnt know. Ill go and visit her. 啊,真的吗?我还不知道。我要去看看她。 (临时想法,不能用be going to)
Ann is in hospital. 安住院了。
Yes, I know. Im going to visit her tomorrow. 我知道,我打算明天去看看她。(事先考虑的意图,不能用will)
2. 若是有迹象表明要发生某事,通常只用be going to,不用will。如:
Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. 看那些乌云,要下雨了。
3. 带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用be going to,而用will。如:
When he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他回来时我就告诉他这个消息。
If he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他若回来我就告诉他这个消息。
二、be going to+动词原形与现在进行时
1. be going to主要表示主观想法或意图,而现在进行时表示将来则主要强调已经作出的安排。比较:
Im going to wash the car if I have time. 若有时间我想洗洗车。(主观想法)
Im picking you up at 6; dont forget. 我6点钟来接你,不要忘了。(已作出的安排)
2. 但是当要表示主观无法控制的预测时,通常要用be going to,不能用现在进行时态。如:
Its going to snow before long. 不久会下雪。
Things are going to get better soon. 情况很快就会好起来。
3. 当表示坚持要(不要)某人做某事时,两者均可用。如:
Shes taking [going to take] that medicine whether he likes it or not.
不管她喜欢不喜欢,她都得吃那药。
Youre not wearing [going to wear] that skirt to school. 你不可以穿那条裙子去上学。
三、be going to+动词原形与be to+动词原形
两者均可表示按计划或安排要发生的动作,有时可互换(但be to比be going to正式)。如:
Where are we going to stay tonight? 我们今晚住哪里?
Im (going) to play tennis this afternoon. 我打算今天下午打网球。
另外,be going to 还可表示预测,即根据已有迹象预测将要发生的动作,此时不能用be to。如:
Look, its going to rain. 看,要下雨了。
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