高考英语语法:语态和时态
Do you see those people on the little sandy island?
Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why.
A. were waving B. waved C. had waved D. have been waving
【正确答案】D
【高考考点】考查动词时态。现在完成进行时:表示一个从过去某一时刻开始的动作,一直延续到说话时还在进行或刚结束,句中常出现用for, since, how long等引导的时间状语。e.g. His telephone has been ringing for a long time.e.g. It has been raining since last Sunday. e.g. How long have you been wearing glasses?
【题干句意】你有没有看见那些在小岛上的人?是的,我看见了。他们在过去的半小时里一直在挥手帕,我不知道为什么。
【详细解析】这个挥手帕的动作是在半小时前开始的,然后一直在挥,一直挥到了说话的这个时候,所以我们用的是一个现在完成进行时,强调一个动作的持续。我们再来看一下其他几个时态:
A选项是were waving过去进行时,它指的是:①过去某一时刻正在进行;②过去某一阶段正在进行;B. waved过去时,过去某时间发生的且已完成的动作,所以我们知道A和B这两个时态都是和过去有关,而和现在是没有一点关系的,所以A和B这两个答案错了。
C. had waved过去完成时:过去某一时刻或某一动作前完成的动作或状态,那么它所表达的时候是在过去的过去,例如:e.g. By the end of last year, we had built 5 new schools.到去年年底为止,我们已经建造了5所学校。首先,过去的时间是去年年底;而句子表达的意思是在去年年底之前,所以我们用过去完成时had build.和现在是更加没有联系了,所以这个答案也是不正确的。
题干中的时间状语是for the last half hour,注意这个last不是指最后的,而是指刚才的在刚才的半个小时里,那么往往呢句中出现last,或者是last half hour、recent这种词的话,我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时,因为它指的是刚才,那么肯定指从刚才到现在。所以本题答案是D.
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