英语语法：梳理和提高18动词不定式讲解

　　动词不定式

　　不定式：to + 动词原形

　　知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点!

　　动词不定式的基本形式是to + 动词原形，有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等

　　动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：

　　句法作用

　　例 句

　　作宾语

　　She wanted to borrowed my radio.

　　They beganto read and write.

　　作状语

　　She went to see her grandma last Sunday .

　　He came to give us a talk yesterday.

　　作宾语补足语

　　Lucy asked him to turn off the radio .

　　She asked meto speak more loudly

　　Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once .

　　The father made his son study hard.

　　作定语

　　Have you got anything to say?

　　I had somethingto eat this morning .

　　作主语

　　To learn a foreign language is not easy.

　　注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如：

　　It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

　　It took us three days to do the work.

　　动词不定式的否定形式由not+动词不定式构成. 如:

　　Tell him not to be late.

　　The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.

　　4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中(不定式做宾语不足语)，不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：

　　Let me listen to you sing the song.

　　He watched his son play computer games.

　　I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.

　　The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.

　　5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用

　　动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如：

　　The question is when to start.

　　I dont know where to go .

　　He showed me how to use a computer.

　　What to do is a big problem.

　　例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松!

　　翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：

　　1. To grow plants is very important.

　　2. It is so nice to hear your voice.

　　3. My dream is to be a pilot.

　　4. He began to read and write at the age of five.

　　5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.

　　6. Tom came to see me last night.

　　7. I am glad to see you.

　　8.Have you got anything to say?

　　9.There are many places to see in China.

　　10.I asked him not to open the window.

　　11. I dont know what to buy for you.

　　12. I saw him dance.

　　13. He often helps me clean the room.

　　14. They are too shy to speak English.

　　15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.

　　16. I want you to go there together with me.

　　解析：1、To grow plants做主语;2、to hear your voice做主语;3、to be a pilot作表语;4、to read and write作宾语;5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语;6、to see me作状语;7、to see you作状语;8、to say作定语;9、to see作定语;10、not to open the window作宾语补足语;11、what to buy作宾语;12、dance作宾语补足语(省略to);13、clean the room作宾语补足语(省略to);14、to speak English作状语;15、to find his watch作状语;16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。

　　练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩!

　　选择最佳答案填空：

　　1. Tell him ______ the light.

　　A. to turn B. not to turn on C. to not turn D. not to turn

　　2. It took us more than two hours _______ the dinner.

　　A. prepare B. preparing C. to prepare D. to be prepared

　　3. We felt the earth _______.

　　A. move B. moveing C. to move D. be moved

　　4. The students were made ______ the text ten times.

　　A. read B. reading C. to read D. to be read

　　5. The chair looks rather hard _______, but in fact it is very comfortable.

　　A. to sit B. to sit on C. sitting D. sit

　　6. Nobody knows __________next.

　　A. what to do B. to do what C. which to do D. how to do

　　7. It is very important ______ us ________these words.

　　A. to, to remember B. for, to remember C. for, remember D. for, remembering

　　8. _______ English well, one must have a lot practice.

　　A. For speaking B. Speaking C. To speak D. Speak

　　9. Im going to the library ______ the books.

　　A. return B. borrow C. to return D. to lend

　　10. We went to town _________ some shopping.

　　A. doing B. did C. to make D. to do

　　11. The funny story _______ me laugh.

　　A. make B. making C. to make D. made

　　12. After the final exam, I think all the students want _________.

　　A. stop to have a rest B. to stop having a rest

　　C. to stop to have a rest D. stopping to have a rest

　　13. It is very kind _______ you to help me with my housework. It is hard _____me to do all

　　the work.

　　A. of, for B. for, of C. of, to D. to, for

　　14. Many people think it very difficult _______ English.

　　A. to say B. to learn C. speak D. for speaking

　　15. The teacher asked the students __________ her _______ the word again.

　　A. listen to; to read B. to hear; say

　　C. to listen to; speak D. to listen to; pronounce

　　16.Remember ______ the book here tomorrow.

　　A. bring B. to bring C. take D. to take

　　17. ---Lets have a rest, shall we?

　　--- Not now. I dont want to stop _______ the letter yet.

　　A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write

　　18. ---This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me __________, Wang Lin?

　　--- Sure.

　　A. what to work it out B. what to work out it

　　C. how to work it out D. how to work out it

　　19.--- How can I improve my spoken English?

　　--- You have to practise ______ as much as you can.

　　A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak

　　20. --- How about going hiking this weekend?

　　--- Sorry. I prefer _______ rather than _______.

　　A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home

　　C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home

　　1-5 BBACB 6-10 ABCCD 11-15 DCABD 16-20 BCCBA

　　动词不定式

　　不定式：to + 动词原形

　　知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点!

　　动词不定式的基本形式是to + 动词原形，有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍可保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。如：to read the newspaper, to speak at the meeting 等

　　动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语：

　　句法作用

　　例 句

　　作宾语

　　She wanted to borrowed my radio.

　　They beganto read and write.

　　作状语

　　She went to see her grandma last Sunday .

　　He came to give us a talk yesterday.

　　作宾语补足语

　　Lucy asked him to turn off the radio .

　　She asked meto speak more loudly

　　Jim told Ling Feng to go home at once .

　　The father made his son study hard.

　　作定语

　　Have you got anything to say?

　　I had somethingto eat this morning .

　　作主语

　　To learn a foreign language is not easy.

　　注：作主语用的动词不定式常常为it替代，动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。例如：

　　It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

　　It took us three days to do the work.

　　动词不定式的否定形式由not+动词不定式构成. 如:

　　Tell him not to be late.

　　The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.

　　4) 不定式省去to的情况: 在感官动词see，watch，look at，hear， listen to，feel和使役动词make，have，let等所接的宾语中(不定式做宾语不足语)，不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中不能省。如：

　　Let me listen to you sing the song.

　　He watched his son play computer games.

　　I saw him run away.------He was seen to run away.

　　The boss make the workers work the whole night.----The workers were made to work the whole night.

　　5) 动词不定式和疑问词连用

　　动词不定式可以和疑问词what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，构成不定式短语。如：

　　The question is when to start.

　　I dont know where to go .

　　He showed me how to use a computer.

　　What to do is a big problem.

　　例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松!

　　翻译下列句子，说出句中不定式的作用：

　　1. To grow plants is very important.

　　2. It is so nice to hear your voice.

　　3. My dream is to be a pilot.

　　4. He began to read and write at the age of five.

　　5. The teacher asked me to speak more loudly.

　　6. Tom came to see me last night.

　　7. I am glad to see you.

　　8.Have you got anything to say?

　　9.There are many places to see in China.

　　10.I asked him not to open the window.

　　11. I dont know what to buy for you.

　　12. I saw him dance.

　　13. He often helps me clean the room.

　　14. They are too shy to speak English.

　　15. He was lucky enough to find his watch.

　　16. I want you to go there together with me.

　　解析：1、To grow plants做主语;2、to hear your voice做主语;3、to be a pilot作表语;4、to read and write作宾语;5、to speak more loudly作宾语补足语;6、to see me作状语;7、to see you作状语;8、to say作定语;9、to see作定语;10、not to open the window作宾语补足语;11、what to buy作宾语;12、dance作宾语补足语(省略to);13、clean the room作宾语补足语(省略to);14、to speak English作状语;15、to find his watch作状语;16、to go there together with me作宾语补足语。