虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。例如:
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点,就碰到他了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。
注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。例如:
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Werent I to do.
表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
1)by-, 表示副,次要的
byproduct, bywork(副业)
2)extra-,表示超越,额外
extraordinary,
3)hyper- 表示超过,极度
hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)
4)out-,表示超过,过分
outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)
5)over-,表示超过,过度,太
overeat, overdress, oversleep
6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示低,次,副,亚
subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)
7)super-, sur- 表示超过
supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass
8)under-,表示低劣,低下
undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)
9)vice- 表示副,次
vicepresident, vicechairman
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