21.7 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。例如:
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident. 菲力浦可能在车祸中受了重伤。
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
2) must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有肯定,谅必的意思。例如:
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. 琳达已经去上班了,但她的单车还在这儿。
---She must have gone by bus.肯定乘巴士去的。
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth表示本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示不该做某事而做了。例如:
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment. 你当时在做试验时应该更仔细点。
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.他不该把旧衣服扔了。(事实上已扔了。)
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) neednt have done sth表示本没必要做某事,但做了。例如:
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I neednt have done so. The weather was hot.
旅行时,我衣服穿得较多,其实没有必要。那时天很热。
5) would like to have done sth表示本打算做某事,但没做。例如:
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 我想读这篇文章,但太忙了一直没读。
17.8 21.8 should 和ought to
除了上述的用法,两者还可表示想必一定,按理应该的意思。例如:
I ought to be able to live on my salary. 靠我的薪水,想必也能维持了。
It ought to be ready now. 想必现在准备好了吧。
They should be there by now, I think. 现在他们该到那儿了。
The poems should be out in a month at most. 诗集估计最多还有一个月就要出版了。
21.9 had better表示最好,相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。例如:
It is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。
Shed better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为本来最好。例如:
You had better have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点。
21.10 would rather表示宁愿
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather than 宁愿而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示宁愿、宁可的意思。例如:
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school. 如果有选择的余地,我宁可辍学离开这个学校。
I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home. 我宁愿呆在这儿,而不愿回家。
典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home?
----Which ___ do?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
答案B。本题考查情态动词rather的用法,would rather +do sth 意为宁愿,本题为疑问句,would 提前,所以选B。
21.11 will和would
注意:1)would like;would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配。例如:
Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗?
2)Will you? Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。例如:
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。
3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would, wont you是一种委婉语气。
Wont you sit down? 你不坐下吗?
21.12 情态动词的回答方式
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you? Yes, I must. No, I neednt
Must you? No, I dont have to.
典型例题
1)---Could I borrow your dictionary?
---Yes, of course, you____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
答案C. could表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示肯定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表达,不能用could或might。will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。
2)---Shall I tell John about it?
---No, you ___. Ive told him already.
A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt
答案A。neednt 不必,不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会的。 mustnt 禁止、不能。 shouldnt 不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用neednt。
3)---Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
---______.
A. I dont B. I wont C. I cant D. I havent
答案B. will既可当作情态动词,表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表意愿、意志、决心,本题表示决心,选B。
21.13 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个:ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to (=must), be able to,为六个。它们的疑问、否定形式应予以注意:
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?
She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.
You ought not to have told her all about it.
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.?
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词协助。
典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词 ought to 后,所以用have told。
21.14 比较need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1) 实义动词:need(需要, 要求) need + n. / to do sth
2) 情态动词:need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。例如:
Need you go yet? 你要走了吗?
Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.是的,我要走了/不,不急着走。
对高中英语新教材的反思
外研社2010年暑期“外语教学中的行动研究...
如何教授创意性写作?
论网络交流工具与体验式英语写作教学
英语报刊阅读教学模式初探
关于高效率英语课堂教学的思考——以一堂...
如何运用任务进行中学英语写作教学
浅谈二十一世纪报刊阅读
巧妙魔术,为英语课堂增添奇幻色彩
与时俱进 创新课文与词汇教学
语感培养与形成的四要素
基于“输入”与“输出”理论的报刊教学设...
精心设计任务 有效实施交际法
浅谈高考英语书面表达的复习备考
商务英语写作教学中的教师反馈
初中英语报刊阅读辅助教学初探
有效开展写作教学 提高学生写作能力
如何让赏识教育在中职英语教学中发挥作用...
书面表达复习的“一二三四五”法
巧用“替代法” 提升作文语言质量
基于网络资源的大学生英语写作能力培养模...
麦格劳-希尔在线英语写作自动评分系统介绍...
名师谈初中生中考英语写作教学
让各层学生共同进步
新课标理念下英语教师的科学人文精神
开学第一堂课:点睛之作
基于元认知的英语写作教学
试论报刊阅读在英语教学中的实效性
运用英语报刊指导小学高年级阅读
教学生写散文——10步轻松搞定
不限 |
英语教案 |
英语课件 |
英语试题 |
不限 |
不限 |
上册 |
下册 |
不限 |