高中英语语法学习：名词性从句的概念及分类

　　名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。因此根据它在句中不同的句法功能，名词性从句又分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

　　引导名词性从句的连接词

　　引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

　　从属连词： (不充当从句的任何成分)

　　连接代词：what、whatever、who 、whoever、 whom 、whomever、 whose 、which、 whichever

　　连接副词： 等

　　★不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词 2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词

　　名词性从句的重难点

　　一 、名词性从句的语序 ( 语序)

　　二 、名词性从句引导词间的区别

　　1 、 whether 与 i f 的区别

　　whether 与if均为是否的意思。但在以下情况下，whether不能被if取代：

　　⑴whether引导表语从句和同位语从句时

　　⑵在主语从句中，若用it做形式主语，if / whether均可;否则，只用whether

　　Eg.Whether we will attend the meeting hasnt been decided

　　It hasnt been decided whether / if we will attend the meeting.

　　⑶引导介词后的宾语从句时

　　⑷后面跟or not时

　　⑸后面直接跟动词不定式时

　　It all depends on they will support us.

　　He doesnt know to stay or not.

　　Whether与 if均可使用的情况

　　⑴引导宾语从句 ⑵在be+adj.之后 He was not sure whether/if it is right or not.

　　2 、 what 与 that 的区别

　　⑴that引导名词性从句，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用;what是连接代词，在从句中充当成分作主语、宾语或表语。除表明具体的内容外，还表的时间、地点、人、速度等。

　　① made the school proud was more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.

　　A. What; because B. What. that C. That; what D. That; because

　　②----I think its going to be a big problem.

　　----Yes, it could be.

　　----I wonder we can do about it.

　　A. if B. how C. what D. that

　　A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago.

　　After seemed a long time, he managed to work out this problem.

　　⑵介词后的宾语从句常用what引导，不用that引导。但在介词besides,except,in后可用that引导宾语从句。由it做形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可省略。

　　①Criticism and self- Criticism is necessaryin that it helps us to correct our mistakes.

　　②He noticed that the straight part of the dance was different in the afternoon from it had been in the morning.

　　③The suit fitted him well the color was a little brighter.

　　A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides

　　⑶what/ whatever---the + n. +that/ which (what/ whatever可作前置定语)

　　Please give me what books you have.

　　You can write about whatever topic you prefer.

　　3 、 wh-ever 与 no matter+ 疑问词的区别

　　wh-ever既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句;而no matter+ 疑问词只可引导让步状语从句。

　　Whatever I said, he wouldnt listen to me.

　　= No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me. 从句

　　He would believe whatever I said. 从句

　　三、宾语从句的注意点

　　⑴否定前移 think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, imagine etc.

　　⑵若主语的谓语动词是make, find, see 等，则把宾语从句置于宾补后，用it做形式主语.

　　The teacher made it a rule that we should get up early.

　　See to it that children dont catch cold.

　　⑵that在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可省略。在宾语从句和it做形式主语的主语从句中可省略;但当有两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时，第二个从句以下的that不可省略。

　　She said (that) she had left school and that her parents would find her a job.

　　⑶固定用法：like it; dislike it; have it; appreciate it 一般与if 或 when 引导的从句连用。

　　I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.

　　四、that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别

　　that引导同位语从句时，that是连词，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact,hope,desire,thought等，对前面的名词起补充说明作用，它在从句中不充当任何成分，不能省略，;that引导定语从句时，that是关系代词，在从句中充当主、宾和表语。

　　The news that they had won the game arrived soon . 从句

　　The news that you told me yesterday is true. 从句

　　名词性从句的概念及分类

　　名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。因此根据它在句中不同的句法功能，名词性从句又分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

　　引导名词性从句的连接词

　　引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

　　从属连词： (不充当从句的任何成分)

　　连接代词：what、whatever、who 、whoever、 whom 、whomever、 whose 、which、 whichever

　　连接副词： 等

　　★不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词 2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词

　　名词性从句的重难点

　　一 、名词性从句的语序 ( 语序)

　　二 、名词性从句引导词间的区别

　　1 、 whether 与 i f 的区别

　　whether 与if均为是否的意思。但在以下情况下，whether不能被if取代：

　　⑴whether引导表语从句和同位语从句时

　　⑵在主语从句中，若用it做形式主语，if / whether均可;否则，只用whether

　　Eg.Whether we will attend the meeting hasnt been decided

　　It hasnt been decided whether / if we will attend the meeting.

　　⑶引导介词后的宾语从句时

　　⑷后面跟or not时

　　⑸后面直接跟动词不定式时

　　It all depends on they will support us.

　　He doesnt know to stay or not.

　　Whether与 if均可使用的情况

　　⑴引导宾语从句 ⑵在be+adj.之后 He was not sure whether/if it is right or not.

　　2 、 what 与 that 的区别

　　⑴that引导名词性从句，不在从句中充当任何成分，只起连接作用;what是连接代词，在从句中充当成分作主语、宾语或表语。除表明具体的内容外，还表的时间、地点、人、速度等。

　　① made the school proud was more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.

　　A. What; because B. What. that C. That; what D. That; because

　　②----I think its going to be a big problem.

　　----Yes, it could be.

　　----I wonder we can do about it.

　　A. if B. how C. what D. that