高中英语语法 动名词

　　1. 动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。

　　①作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。

　　eg. Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)

　　Saying is easier than doing.

　　Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)

　　动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：

　　It is no use (good) + 动名词：做某事没有用

　　Eg. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)

　　There is no + 动名词 (= It is impossible to do sth.)

　　Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.(未来的事无法知道)

　　②作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别

　　eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句为SVC结构) 可改为：Collecting stamps is his hobby.

　　Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构)

　　不能改为：Collecting stamps is he.

　　③作宾语

　　A. 作及物动词 的宾语(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)

　　eg. 2005年上海卷No.32

　　He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _____ the good opportunity.

　　A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

　　答案为B

　　有些动词(attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love)后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。

　　Eg. I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.

　　动词prefer后面接不定式作宾语时，句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样。

　　eg. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven.

　　I prefer driving to riding.

　　有些动词，如forget, remember, regret等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。

　　Eg. 2005年北京卷No.30

　　When asked by police, he said that he remembered _____ at he party, but not ______.

　　A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave

　　在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：

　　动词+it(形式宾语)+宾补+动名词(真正宾语)

　　eg. I think it no use telling them.

　　We think it no good inviting to him.

　　B. 作介词的宾语

　　Eg. 2005年浙江卷No.3

　　The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour ______ his notes.

　　A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on

　　be used to doing 习惯于做;look forward to doing 盼望做;devote ones life to doing 致力于做;spent time (in) doing 花时间做;be fond of doing 喜爱做;be good at doing 擅长做;be proud of doing 为做而自豪;be tired of doing 对做感到厌倦;feel like doing 欲想做; go on doing 继续做(原来的事);keep on doing 不停地做;what about doing 做怎么样;think of doing 考虑做;be interested in doing 对做感兴趣;have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困难;be busy (in) doing 忙于做;instead of doing 做而不做

　　eg. 2005年江苏卷No.23

　　Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and ______ jokes.

　　A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D. showing up

　　答案为C

　　④作定语

　　动名词可作前置定语，表示所修饰的词的用途或目的，可用for改写;而现在分词作定语时，可用定语从句改写。

　　swimming pool waiting room walking stick

　　a sleeping car=a car for sleeping a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping

　　⑤作同位语

　　eg. Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs. 这就是蚁后的专职工作--产卵。

　　2.动名词的逻辑主语

　　①人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格，即形容词性物主代词。

　　Eg. Do you minding my smoking here?

　　②逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时，很少用所有格，而用普通格。

　　Eg. He was awakened by someone knocking the door.

　　Theres no need for that being done.

　　③逻辑主语是名词时，用所有格，但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。

　　Eg. Marys laughing made Tom angry.

　　There is no hoping of the factory making profit.

　　④在口语中，动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。

　　Eg. 2005年安徽卷No.34

　　I really cant understand _____ her like that.

　　A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating

　　3. 动名词的完成式、一般式被动和完成式被动。

　　Eg. After having finish his work, he went home.

　　He attended the meeting without being asked.

　　She never told me about her having been interviewed by the police. 1. 动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加ing构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。

　　①作主语，可以直接放在句首，也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语，而把动名词后置。

　　eg. Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)

　　Saying is easier than doing.

　　Collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)

　　动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：

　　It is no use (good) + 动名词：做某事没有用

　　Eg. Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收)

　　There is no + 动名词 (= It is impossible to do sth.)

　　Eg. There is no knowing what may happen.(未来的事无法知道)

　　②作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别

　　eg. His hobby is collecting stamps. (此句为SVC结构) 可改为：Collecting stamps is his hobby.

　　Cf. He is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构)

　　不能改为：Collecting stamps is he.

　　③作宾语

　　A. 作及物动词 的宾语(enjoy, mind, finish, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)

　　eg. 2005年上海卷No.32

　　He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _____ the good opportunity.

　　A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost

　　答案为B

　　有些动词(attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love)后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。

　　Eg. I like swimming but I dont like to swim in winter.

　　动词prefer后面接不定式作宾语时，句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样。

　　eg. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven.

　　I prefer driving to riding.