过去完成进行时
表示一个动作从过去某时开始,一直延续到另一个过去时刻,到那个时刻,该动作可能刚刚终止,也有可能还在继续。
形式
had been + V-ing形式
用法
1. 过去完成进行时所表示的动作与过去的时间的关系,可以用时间状语来表示,也可以通过上下文来表示。例如:
By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days. 到上个月为止,他们在这里工作大约有十天了。
She said that she had been listening to radio after school. 她说她放学后一直在听收音机。
2. 过去完成时可以表示一个动作已经结束,但其结果仍然影响到过去的某一时刻。例如:
It had been raining and the street was still wet. 天一直在下雨,街道仍然很湿。
3. 像 work、study、stay、sing、teach等延续性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,用过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻,通常强调动作的持续性和不间断性。例如:
She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her. 当她的同学来看她的时候,她学习有两个小时了。
4. 过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别。过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行。例如:
I was writing a letter when she came to see me. 当她来看我时我正在写信。
I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me. 当她来看我的时候,我已经写了两个小时的信了。
5. 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的不同。过去完成时表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况,这个过去的时间可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示;或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如:
They had just had breakfast when Tom came in. 汤姆来时,他们刚吃过早饭。
They had been having breakfast for ten minutes when Tom came in. 汤姆来时,他们已经吃了十分钟的早饭了。
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