牛津实用英语语法:329 though／although和in spite of

　　两个相反的或对照的陈述语，如He had no qualifications(他没有资格证明)和 He got the job(他得到了工作)，可用下列方法合并到一个句子里：

　　A 用but，however或 nevertheless：

　　He had no qualifications but he got the job.

　　他没有资格证明，但他却得到了这份工作。

　　He had no qualifications;however he got the job/he got the job，howev- er.

　　他没有资格证明，但仍然得到了这份工作。

　　He had no qualifications;nevertheless he got the job.

　　他没有资格证明，然而他还是得到了这份工作。

　　B 可以使用 though/although：

　　Although he had no qualifications he got the job.

　　尽管他没有资格证明，他还是得到了这份工作。

　　C 可以使用 in spite of/despite+名词/代词/动名词：

　　In spite of having no qualifications he got the job.

　　He got the job in spite of having no qualifications.

　　(译文同上。)

　　despite(= in spite of)主要用于报刊和正规英语中：

　　Despite the severe weather conditions all the cars completed the course.

　　尽管气候条件恶劣，所有车辆都跑完了全程。

　　D 注意though/although之后要求用主语+动词结构：

　　Although it was windy...

　　尽管有风

　　in spite of/despite要求带名词/代词或动名词：

　　In spite of the wind...

　　(译文同上。)

　　例句：

　　Although it smelt horrible...

　　尽管味道很难闻相当于：

　　In spite of the horrible smell...

　　任凭味道多难闻

　　Although it was dangerous...

　　尽管这很危险相当于：

　　In spite of the danger...

　　哪怕有危险

　　Though he was inexperienced...

　　虽然他没有经验相当于：

　　In spite of his inexperience/his being inexperienced...

　　哪怕他没有经验