A 不定式结构用在acknowledge,assume,believe,claim,consider,estimate,feel,find,know,presume,report,say,think,under- stand等动词之后。
People consider/know/think等that he is这类句子有两种被动形式:
It is considered/known/thought etc.that he is
He is considered/known/thought etc.to be
同样:
People said that he was jealous of her.
人们说他妒忌她。相当于:
It was said that he was
He was said to be jealous of her.
据说他妒忌她。
在这两种结构中,用不定式的后一结构比较简洁。它主要用于be,尽管有时其他动词的不定式也可以这样用:
He is thought to have information which will be useful to the police.
人们认为他掌握了对警察有用的情况。
如句中所想到的内容涉及到以前的动作,则使用不定式的完成式,因此:
People believed that he was相当于:
It was believed that he was/He was believed to have been
People know that he was相当于:
It is known that he was/He is known to have been
这种结构可与任何动词的不定式的完成式连用。
B 不定式结构用在suppose后
1 suppose的被动态之后可以接任何动词的不定式的一般式,但这种结构通常都含有这是一种责任、义务的意思,因此并不是同suppose的主动态(常意为推测)完全对应的形式:
You are supposed to know how to drive.
你本该会开车。相当于:
It is your duty to know/You should know how to drive.
会开车是你的责任。/你该知道怎么开车。
但He is supposed to be in Paris既可能意思是他应该在那里,也可能是指人们猜想他在那里。
2 suppose的被动态后面同样可以跟任何动词的不定式的完成式。这种结构可以有责任和义务的含义,但也常常没有这种含义:
You are supposed to have finished.相当于:
You should have finished.
你早就应该完成了。
但是:
He is supposed to have escaped disguised as a woman.相当于:
People suppose that he escaped
据猜测他是乔装打扮成女人逃跑的。
C 用在被动态动词后面的不定式通常是带to的不定式,尽管主动态动词后面可能带的是不带to的不定式:
主动态: We saw them go out.
我们看见他们出去了。
被动态: They were seen to go out.
有人看见他们出去了。
主动态: He made us work.
他强迫我们干活。
被动态: We were made to work.
我们被迫干活。
然而,惟独let的被动态后面的不定式不带to:
主动态: They let us go.
他们让我们走了。
被动态: We were let go.
我们被允许走开。
D 不定式的进行式可用于如下动词的被动式之后:believe, know,report,say,suppose,think,understand等。
He is believed/known/said/supposed/thought to be living abroad.相当于:
People believe/know/say/suppose/think that he is living abroad.
据信/据知/据说/据猜测/据认为他住在国外。
You are supposed to be working.相当于:
You should be working.
你本应在工作。
在这里也可用不定式的完成进行式:
He is believed to have been waiting for a message.相当于:
People believed that he was waiting for a message.
据信他当时一直在等待消息。
You are supposed to have been working.相当于:
You should have been working.
你那时本该一直在工作。
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