直接问句:
He said,Where is she going?
他说:她要上哪儿去?
间接问句:
He asked where she was going.
他问她要上哪儿去。
A 把直接问句变为间接问句时,需作下列改变:
时态、代词、所有格形容词、时间副词和地点副词的变化与陈述句中的变化相同。
动词的疑问式变成陈述式;在间接问句中不加问号(?):
He said,Where does she live?
他说:她住在什么地方?相当于:
He asked where she lived.
他问她住在什么地方。
如直接问句针对主语提问,则此种变化显然是没有必要的(参见第55节):
Who lives next door?he said.
他说:谁住在隔壁?相当于:
He asked who lived next door.
他问谁住在隔壁。
What happened?she said.
她说:发生了什么事?相当于:
She asked what had happened.
她问发生了什么事。
B 如果引导动词是say,则必须换为表示询问的动词,如ask,in- quire,wonder,want to know等:
He saidWhere is the station?
他说:车站在哪里?相当于:
He asked where the station was.
他问车站在什么地方。
ask,inquire,wonder也可用在直接引语中,但这时通常位于句尾:
Where is the station?he inquired.
车站在什么地方?他问道。
C ask之后可以接说话的对方(间接宾语):
He asked,What have you got in your bag?
他说:你的包里装的是什么?相当于:
He asked(me) what I had got in my bag.
他问(我)我的包里装的是什么。
但在inquire,wonder,want to know之后不能有间接宾语。因此,如想要转述提及说话对方的问句时就必须用ask:
He said,Mary,when is the next train?
他说:玛丽,下一班火车是几点的?
He asked Mary when the next train was.
他问玛丽下一班火车是几点的。
如果我们用inquire,wonder或want to know,就必须省去间接宾语Mary。
D 如果直接问句是由(when,where,who,how,why等)疑问词开头的,则必须在间接引语中重复这些疑问词:
He said,Why didnt you put on the brake?
他说:你怎么没刹车呢?相当于:
He asked(her)why she hadnt put on the brake.
他问(她)怎么没刹车。
She said,What do you want?
她说:你们想要什么?相当于:
She asked(them)what they wanted.
她问他们想要什么。
E 如果没有疑问词,则必须用if或whether:
Is anyone there?he asked.
他问道:那儿有人吗?相当于:
He asked if/whether anyone was there.
他问那儿是否有人。
1 通常这两个词都可以用,但if要比whether更普遍些:
Do you know Bill?he said.
他说:你认识比尔吗?相当于:
He asked if/whether I knew Bill.
他问我是否认识比尔。
Did you see the accident?the policeman asked.
警察问:你看到那起事故了吗?相当于:
The policeman asked if/whether I had seen the accident.
警察问我是否看到那起事故了。
2 whether可用于强调对某事必须做出选择:
Do you want to go by air or sea?the travel agent asked.
旅游商问:你想乘飞机走,还是想乘船走?相当于:
The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea.
旅游商问我是想乘飞机走,还是想乘船走。
请注意whether or not的用法:
Do you want to insure your luggage or not?he asked.
他问:你的行李要保险吗?相当于:
He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage./He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not.
他问我是否要给行李保险。
3 whether+不定式结构可位于wonder,want to know之后:
Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?he wondered.
他问自己:我是等等他们呢还是继续往前走呢?相当于:
He wondered whether to wait for them or go on./He wondered whether
he should wait for them or go on.
他问自己是要等等他们还是继续往前走。
inquire+whether+不定式结构是可以的,但不常见。
4 如果问句含有条件从句时,用whether就比较清楚,否则就会出现两个if:
If you get the job will you move to York?Bill asked.
比尔问:如果你得到那份工作,你会迁到约克去吗?相当于:
Bill asked whether,if I got the job,Id move to York.
比尔问如果我得到那份工作我是否会迁到约克去。
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