牛津实用英语语法:305 介词与被动态动词连用

　　A 正如已经提到过的，要提到被动态动词的施动者时，前面须用by引导：

　　主动态： Dufy painted this picture.

　　达菲画的这幅画。

　　被动态： This picture was painted by Dufy.

　　这幅画是达菲画的。

　　主动态： What makes these holes?

　　是什么东西弄出这些破洞的?

　　被动态： What are these holes made by?

　　这些破洞是什么东西弄的?

　　注意下列句子：

　　Smoke filled the room.

　　房间里烟雾弥漫。

　　Paint covered the lock.

　　油漆涂遍了锁上。

　　它们的被动形式应当是：

　　The room was filled with smoke.

　　The lock was covered with paint.

　　这里针对的只是所涉及的物质而不是施动者本人。

　　B 动词+介词+宾语这一结构变成被动态时，介词应直接跟在动词之后：

　　主动态： We must write to him.

　　我们必须给他写信。

　　被动态： He must be written to.

　　必须给他写信。

　　主动态： You can play with these cubs quite safely.

　　你和这些熊崽子玩不会有危险。

　　被动态： These cubs can be played with quite safely.

　　和这些熊崽子玩不会有危险。

　　对动词+介词/副词结构，也应同样处理：

　　主动态： They threw away the old newspapers.

　　他们把旧报纸扔了。

　　被动态： The old newspapers were thrown away.

　　旧报纸给扔了。

　　主动态： He looked after the children well.

　　他对孩子们照顾得很好。

　　被动态： The children were well looked after.

　　孩子们被照顾得很好。