通常认为分词是说明它前面的名词或代词:
Tom,horrified at what he had done,could at first say nothing.
汤姆被自己所做的事吓坏了,一开始都说不出话来了。
Romeo,believing that Juliet was dead,decided to kill himself.
罗密欧相信朱丽叶已死,就决定自杀。
A man carrying a large parcel got out of the bus.
一个拿着一大包东西的男人下了公共汽车。
但要注意分词也可被主要动词把它跟所说明的名词或代词隔开:
Jones and Smith came in,followed by their wives.
琼斯和史密斯进来了,他们的妻子跟在后边。
She rushed past the policeman,hoping he wouldnt ask what she had inher suitcase.
她赶紧从警察身边走过去,希望他不会问起手提箱里有什么。
如果在分词前面没有名词或代词,则认为分词是说明后面主要动词的主语的:
Stunned by the blow,Peter fell heavily.
彼得被这一击打昏了,重重地倒了下去。(彼得被击晕了。)
Believing that he is alone,the villain expresses his thoughts aloud.
那恶棍相信他身边没别人了,出声说出了自己的想法。
如果不遵守上述法则,就会造成混乱。 Waiting for a bus abrick fell on my head的意思似乎是说砖头在等候公共汽车,那岂非笑话。分词与名词或代词被这样错误地连接时就叫做误连分词。上述句子应改写成:
As I was waiting for a bus a brick fell on my head.
在我等公共汽车时一块砖头落到了我的头上。
下面再举几个误连分词的例子:
(误)When using this machine it must be remembered
(正)When using this machine you must remember
使用这台机器时(你)必须记住
(误)Believing that I was the only person who knew about this beach,thesight of someone else on it annoyed me very much.
(正)As I believed I was the only person/Believing that I was the only per-son on the beach,I was annoyed by the sight of someone else.
因我自以为是唯一一个在这海滩上的人,看到有别人在这里时所以心里很不高兴。
我怎么又在地铁上睡着了……
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