A 形式
动词原形+ ing:
working loving sitting
B 用法
1 构成进行时态
He is working.
他正在工作。
Youve been dreaming.
你一直在做梦。
2 用做形容词
running water自来水
floating wreckage 漂浮着的残骸
dripping taps滴着水的水龙头
leaking pipes漏水的管道
这里名词和分词都要重读。请与在动名词+ 名词结构中重读的情况比较。
3 位于have+ 宾语之后
He had me swimming in a week.
他一个星期就教会我游泳了。
We have people standing on our steps all day.
我们的台阶上整天站着人。
I wont have him cleaning his bike in the kitchen.
我不能让他在厨房里擦洗他的自行车。
4 有时用来代替关系代词+ 动词
a map that marks/marked political boundaries=a map marking politicalboundaries
一张标明行政疆域的地图
people who wish/wished to visit the caves= people wishing to visit thecaves
希望去参观岩洞的人们
children who need/needed medical attention= children needing medicalattention
需要医疗护理的孩子们
5 用来构成现在分词/分词短语(如 adding/pointing out/remind-ing/warning等)可以用在间接引语中引入陈述句:
He told me to start early,reminding me that the roads would be crowded.
他让我早点动身,提醒我说晚了路上会拥挤。
上述各种用法已经在本书前文中讨论过。现在分词还可以有下列各种用法:
6 位于表示感觉的动词之后。
7 位于 catch/find/leave+宾语之后。
8 位于 go,come,spend,waste,be busy之后。
9 除在上述的各种主句或从句中使用以外,有时可在其他类型的主句或从句中代替主语+ 动词。
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