牛津实用英语语法:241 不定式作宾语和作表语

　　A 后面直接跟动词不定式的动词

　　agree be determined pretend

　　aim endeavour proceed

　　appear fail promise

　　arrange forget prove

　　ask guarantee refuse

　　attempt happen remember

　　bother(否定) hesitate resolve

　　care(否定) hope seem

　　choose learn swear

　　claim long tend

　　condescend manage threaten

　　consent neglect trouble(否定)

　　decide offer try(=attempt)

　　decline plan undertake

　　demand prepare volunteer

　　determine be prepared vow

　　参见D。

　　参见F。

　　助动词

　　be dare have must ought will

　　can do may need zhall used

　　(关于动词后接宾语+不定式，关于动词后接不定式或动名词，）

　　B 后面也可接不定式的短语

　　be about

　　be able+afford

　　do ones best/

　　do what one can

　　make an/every effort

　　make up ones mind(=decide)

　　it+occur*+to+宾语(否定式或疑问式)

　　set out

　　take the trouble

　　turn out(=prove to be)

　　参见D。

　　C A和B的例句

　　She agreed to pay ￡ 50.

　　她同意付50英镑。

　　Two men failed to return from the expedition.

　　探险队有两个人未能返回。

　　I managed to put the fire out.

　　我好歹把火扑灭了。

　　They are preparing(= getting ready) to evacuate the area.

　　他们正准备从这一地区撤离。

　　We are not prepared(=willing) to wait any longer.

　　我们不准备再等了。

　　The tenants refused to leave.

　　房客拒绝搬出。

　　Prices always tend to go up.

　　物价总是趋于上涨。

　　She volunteered to help with Meals on Wheels.

　　她自愿帮助给老、弱、病、残送饭上门。

　　He is just about to leave.

　　他正要离开。

　　We cant afford to live in the centre.

　　在市中心生活，费用我们负担不起。

　　He didn t bother/trouble to answer personally.

　　他嫌麻烦不愿亲自回答。

　　与上面相反的例子：

　　He took the trouble to answer personally.

　　他不嫌麻烦亲自回答。

　　D 上面标有星号的词或短语也可以与that从句连用

　　I promise to wait.相当于：

　　I promise that I will wait.

　　我答应等候。

　　He pretended to be angry.相当于：

　　He pretended that he was angry.

　　他假装生气。

　　occur to+宾语+ that用于肯定式、否定式和疑问式。注意这个结构跟occur+不定式在意义上的区别：

　　It didnt occur to me to ask him for proof of his identity.

　　我没有想到向他要身份证明。(我没有想到要这样做。)

　　It occurred to me that he was trying to conceal something.

　　我突然想到他是在想法隐瞒什么。(这念头出现在我的脑中。)

　　appear， happen， seem， turn out与 that结构连用时，要求用 it 作句子的先行主语：

　　It turned out that his country cottage was an enormous bungalow.

　　他的乡下的小房原来是一座极大的平房。

　　请与不定式结构比较一下：

　　His country cottage turned out to be an enormous bungalow.(译文同上。)

　　E 但动词+不定式结构的意思并不一定与同一动词+ that从句结构的意思相同。在learn，forget，occur(参见上面D)和remember后面，这两种结构的意思不同：

　　He learnt to look after himself.

　　他学会照料自己。

　　He learnt(=was told) that it would cost ￡ 100.

　　他听说那会花去100英镑。

　　He forgot to leave the car keys on the table.

　　他忘了把汽车钥匙留在桌上。(他没有留下。)

　　He forgot that his brother wanted to use the car.

　　他忘了他的兄弟要用汽车。

　　remember后面的两种结构同样可以有不同的意思。

　　agree/decide+不定式表示意图。

　　agree that 表示同意一种观点。

　　decide that 表示一种结论或决定，但并不一定会将之付诸行动。

　　F 上面带两个星号的动词后面可接不定式，也可接that should结构。thatshould结构在被动语态中尤其常用

　　They decided/agreed to divide the profits equally.

　　他们决定/同意平均分配利润。

　　They decided that the profits should be divided equally.

　　他们决定利润平分。

　　I arranged to meet/for Tom to meet them.

　　我安排去接/安排汤姆去接他们。

　　I arranged that Tom should meet them.

　　我安排好叫汤姆去接他们。

　　I arranged that they should be met.

　　我安排人去接他们。

　　G 不定式的进行式常常用在appear，happen，pretend和seem等动词之后：

　　I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived.

　　他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。

　　He seems to be following us.

　　他似乎在跟着我们。

　　不定式的进行式也可用在 agree， arrange， decide， determine， hope， manage， plan之后和助动词之后。

　　H 不定式的完成式可以用在appear，hope，pretend，seem等之后和助动词之后。