A 将来完成时
形式
will/shall+完成式用于第一人称,will+完成式用于其他人称。
用法
它常与表示时间的短语连用,而后者常以by开头:
by then到那时
by that time到那时
by the 24th到 24号那天
By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years.
到下月底,他在这儿就够十年了。
这一时态用来表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或在该时刻刚刚结束的动作。假设现在是12月3日,大卫对他将参加的12月13日的考试很担心。
某个筹划举办聚会的人可能说:
Wed better wait till 14 December.David will have had his exam by then, so hell be able to enjoy himself.
我们最好还是等到12月14日。到那时大卫就考完试了,这样他就能够玩得痛快。
同时请注意以下句子:
I save£ 50 a month and I started in January.So by the end of the year I will/shall have saved£ 600.
我每月储蓄50英镑,是从1月份开始的。这样的话,到年底我就有600英镑的存款了。
Bill(looking at Toms cellar):Youve got over 400 bottles.How long will that last you?Two years?
比尔(瞧着汤姆的地下室):你有四百多瓶酒。够你喝多久?两年?
Tom:Not a hope.I drink eight bottles a week.Ill have drunk all these by the end of this year.
汤姆:不可能。我每星期喝八瓶。到今年年底我就会把所有这些酒都喝完了。
B 将来完成进行时
形式
will/shall have been+现在分词用于第一人称,而 will have
been+现在分词用于其他人称。
用法
正如将来完成时一样,它通常与一个以by开头的时间短语连用:
By the end of this year hell have been acting for thirty years.
到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。
将来完成进行时与将来完成时的关系和现在完成进行时与现在完成时的关系一样。即在以下情况下可以用将来完成进行时而不用将来完成时:
1 动作本身就是连续的:
By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years.
到了月底他在这里居住/工作/学习就满十年了。
2 一种经常进行的动作被表示为连续的动作:
By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years.
到了这个月底他驯马/登山就满 20年了。
但是如果提到所驯马匹或所攀登的山峰的数目,或用任何方式把动作分割为一次又一次的动作,就必须用将来完成时:
By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains.
到本月底,他驯服的马就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了。
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