它们之间的差别最好通过实例来了解:
(a)设想一个钥匙环上有三把钥匙,而且知道其中一把钥匙是开地下室的门的。可能选出一把钥匙说:
This may/might be the key.
可能就是这一把钥匙。(也许这是那把钥匙。)
但一连试了两把钥匙都没打开锁,就会拿起第三把钥匙说:
This must be the key.
一定是这把钥匙。(不存在别的选择了。)
(b)I wonder why Tom hasnt answered my letter.
He may/might be ill.
我不知道汤姆为什么没给我回信。
他可能生病了。(但也存在其他可能性:说不定他出门了,或者事情太忙无暇写信。)
但假设比尔从来没有人来访问他。如果急救车停在他门口,邻居们会说Bill must be ill(比尔一定得了病了)。这是对于急救车来到他家一事可能做出的唯一解释。
(c)同样,在谈到过去的动作时:
He may have come by train.
他也许是乘火车来的。(但也存在别的可能:他可能是乘出租汽车或公共汽车来的。)
但He must have come by taxi(他一定是乘出租汽车来的)意指他没有其他选择,不存在用其他办法进行这种旅行的可能。
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