这是一些句子后面的简略的附加成分,用于征求对方的同意或肯定。
A 在否定的陈述之后用普通的疑问式:
You didnt see him,did you?
你没有见到他,对吗?
Ann cant swim,can she?
安不会游泳,是吗?
That isnt Tom,is it?
那不是汤姆,是吗?
在肯定的陈述之后用否定疑问式:
Peter helped you,didnt he?
彼得帮了你的忙,是吗?
Mary was there,wasnt she?
玛丽那时在那里,对吗?
附加疑问中的否定动词一般都要用缩略形式。
不规则的用法如:
Im late, arent I?
我迟到了,是吗?
注意lets带的附加问句中用助动词shall:
Lets go,shall we?
咱们走吧,好吗?
附加疑问的主语总是用代词。
B 否定陈述后的附加疑问举例:
Peter doesnt smoke,does he?
彼得不吸烟,是吗?
Ann isnt studying music,is she?
安没有在学音乐,是吗?
Bill didnt want to go,did he?
比尔当时不愿意去,是吗?
James wasnt driving the car,was he?
詹姆斯当时没在开车,是吗?
You havent ridden a horse for a long time,have you?
你好久没骑过马了,对吗?
The twins hadnt seen a hovercraft before,had they?
那对双胞胎以前没见过气垫船,对吗?
They couldnt understand him,could they?
他们听不懂他的话,对吗?
There wasnt enough time,was there?
时间不够,是吗?
People shouldnt drop litter on pavements,should they?
人们不应该在人行道上乱丢废物,对吗?
Ann hasnt got a colour TV,has she?
安没有彩色电视机,是吗?
注意:凡是包含neither,no(形容词),none,no one,nobody,nothing,scarcely,barely,hardly,hardly ever,seldom等词的陈述句,都应看做是否定陈述,后面接一个普通的附加疑问:
No salt is allowed,is it?
不许吃盐,是吗?
Nothing was said,was it?
什么也没说,是吗?
Peter hardly ever goes to parties, does he?
彼得很少去参加社交聚会,对吗?
当句子的主语是anyone,anybody,no one,nobody,none,neither时,在附加疑问中用they:
I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,will they?
我想不会有人自愿参加,对吗?
No one would object,would they?
没有人会反对,是吗?
Neither of them complained,did they?
他们俩谁也没有抱怨,对吗?
C 肯定陈述后的附加疑问
在一般现在时的附加疑问中用dont/doesnt?形式,在一般过去时的附加疑问中用didnt?形式:
Edward lives here,doesnt he?
爱德华住在这里,是吗?
You found your passport,didnt you?
你找到你的护照了,对吗?
在其他各时态之后,否定的附加疑问中只用助动词:
Marys coming tomorrow,isnt she?
玛丽明天来,是吗?
Peters heard the news,hasnt he?
彼得听到那消息了,对吗?
要注意缩略形式s相当于is/has而d相当于had/would:
Peterd written before you phoned,hadnt he?
彼得在你打电话之前已经写信了,对吗?
Maryd come if you asked her,wouldnt she?
如果你让玛丽来她会来的,对吗?
Youd better change your wet shoes,hadnt you?
你最好还是把湿鞋子换掉,对吗?
The boysd rather go by air,wouldnt they?
男孩子更愿意坐飞机走,对吗?
主语是everybody,everyone,somebody,someone等词时,在附加疑问中可用代词they来替代:
Everyone warned you,didnt they?
大家都向你提出了警告,是吗?
Someone had recognized him,hadnt they?
有人认出了他,对吗?
否定的附加疑问可以不用缩略形式,但这时请注意语序是不同的:
You saw him,did you not?
你见到他了,是吗?
这个形式不常用。
D 语调
使用附加疑问的时候,说话人通常不需要对方提供情况,但却希望得到同意,因此这些附加疑问通常与陈述句的语调相同,用降调。
然而,说话人有时的确想得到一些情况。他还不很清楚他所作的陈述是否真实,要求加以证实。在这种情况下附加疑问就要用升调,而且第一句中的重要的词要重读,通常这个词的音调也上升了。
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