A 助动词do用来构成普通动词现在式和过去式的否定式和疑问式:
He doesnt work.
他不工作。
He didnt work.
他以前不工作。
Does he work?
他工作吗?
Did he work?
他以前工作吗?
B 想特别加重语气时,可在肯定式中用do/did+不带to的不定式这种形式。它主要用在别人对所提到的动作表示怀疑的场合:
You didnt see him.
你没有看到他。
Idid see him.
我确实见到他了。(did在说话中要特意重读。语气比 I saw him强。)
I know that you didnt expect me to go,but Idid go.
我知道你本没料到我会去的,可我确实去了。
C do也用来避免重复前面已出现过的普通动词:
1 用于简略答语中表示同意和不同意
Tom talks too much.
Yes,he does./No,he doesnt.
汤姆话说得太多。
是的。/不,他说得不多。
He didnt go.
No,he didnt./Oh yes, he did.
他没去。
是,他没去。/哦,不,他去了。
2 用于补充(参见第112节):
He likes concerts and so do we.
他喜欢听音乐会,我们也一样。(注意倒装。)
He lives here but I dont.
他住在这里,但我不住这儿。
He doesnt drive but I do.
他不开车,但我开。
3 用于附加疑问:
He lives here, doesnt he?
他住在这里,是吗?
He didnt see you, did he?
他没见到你,对吗?
D do用于简略答语中,避免重复主要动词:
Do you smoke?
Yes,I do./No,I dont.
你抽烟吗?
是的,我抽烟。(不说 Yes,I smoke。)/不,我不抽。
Did you see him?
Yes,Idid./No, I didnt.
你见到他了吗?
是的,见到了。/不,没见到。(
E 在比较等级中的用法与D相同
He drives faster than I do.
他开车比我开得快。
F do+祈使语气可使请求或邀请更有说服力:
Do come with us.
一定和我们一起来。(比Come with us更有说服力。)
Do work a little harder.
务必请你工作再努力一点吧。
Do help me,please.
请一定帮我的忙。
G do也同样用于别人征询是否同意时自己的肯定答语中,以表示赞许或鼓励:
-Shall I write to him?
Yes,do./Do.
我是否可以写信给他?
行,写吧。
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