(a)always,continually,frequently,occasionally,often,once,twice,periodically,repeatedly,sometimes,usually等(b)ever,hardly ever,never,rarely,scarcely ever,seldom等A 以上两组副词通常用在下列位置:
1 动词be的一般现在时后面:
He is always in time for meals.
他总是赶得上吃饭。
2 放在其他动词的一般现在时前面:
They sometimes stay up all night.
他们有时整夜不睡。
3 动词如是复合时态并由一个以上动词构成时,这类副词放在第一个助动词后面;如果动词是疑问式,则放在助动词+主语之后:
He can never understand.
他永远也不会明白的。
You have often been told not to do that.
多次告诫过你别干那事。
Have you ever ridden a camel?
你骑过骆驼吗?
特殊情况
(a)这类副词放在used to和have to的前面:
You hardly ever have to remind him;he always remembers.
你根本不用提醒他;他总是记得的。
(b)如在补充陈述或答话中单独使用助动词,频度副词常放在这类动词之前:
Can you park your car near the shops?
Yes,I usually can.
你可以在商店附近停车吗?
是的,通常可以。
I know I should take exercise,but I never do.
我知道我应该进行体育锻炼,但我从来没这样做过。如助动词应重读时,频度副词也常放在助动词之前:
I nevercan remember.
我永远也记不住。
She hardly everhas met him.
她几乎从来没有遇见过他。
当do用于表示强调时,也是如此:
I alwaysdo arrive in time!
我总是及时到达的!
也可以用重读的频度副词来表示强调,这时频度副词仍放在助动词后面:
You shouldalways check your oil before starting.
每次开车启动前你必须检查一下油量。
B 上述(a)组副词也可放在句首或句末。
例外情况
除在祈使句中外,always通常放在句末,很少置于句首。often如果放在句末,通常需要加修饰语very或quite:
Often he walked.
他过去经常步行。
He walked quite often.
(译文同上。)
C 上述(b)组副词如hardly ever,never,rarely等(但不包括单独使用的ever)也可放在句首,但这时必需倒装后面的主要动词:
Hardly/Scarcely ever did they manage to meet unobserved.
他们会面时很少不被人看到。
(关于hardly,barely,scarcely的用法,参见第44节。)
hardly/scarcely ever,never,rarely和seldom不能与否定动词连用。
D never,ever
never主要与肯定动词连用而不与否定动词连用。一般情况下它意为从未有过:
He never saw her again
他从没有再见到过她。
Ive never eaten snails.
我从没吃过蜗牛。
They never eat meat.
他们从来不吃猪肉。(习惯)
Ive never had a better flight.
我从来没有过这么舒适的飞行。
(关于never+比较级,参见第21节C。)
never+肯定动词有时可以替代一个普通的否定动词:
I waited but he never turned up.
我等着,可他根本没有来。
never+疑问动词可表示说话人对于未能做到某事而感到惊讶:
Has he never been to Japan?Im surprised,because his wife is Japanese .
他从没去过日本吗?我感到很惊讶,因为他妻子是日本人。
ever意为在任何时间,主要用于疑问句中:
Has he ever marched in a demonstration?
No,he never has.
他参加过示威游行吗?
没有,他从没有。
ever可与否定动词连用,特别是在与复合时态连用时,可代替never+肯定动词:
I havent ever eaten snails.
我从没吃过蜗牛。
ever的这种用法在一般现在时中不常见。
ever+肯定动词可以用于比较中(参见第21节C),也可以和表示假定和怀疑的词连用。
I dont suppose he ever writes to his mother.
我想他没有给他母亲写过信。
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