A形容词的比较分三级:
B单音节形容词在构成比较级和最高级时,在该词原级词尾分别添加er和est:
bright brighter brightest
以字母e结尾的形容词分别添加r和st:
brave braver bravest
C三个或三个以上音节的形容词在构成比较级和最高级时,在
该词原级前分别加副词more和most:
interested more interested most interested
frightening more frightening most frightening
D双音节形容词按上述两条规则之一变化。以ful或re结尾的词通常添加more和most:
doubtful more doubtful most doubtful
obscure more obscure most obscure
以er,y或ly结尾的通常加er和est:
clever cleverer cleverest
pretty prettier prettiest(注意y变成i)
silly sillier silliest
E不规则的变化有:
bad worse worst
far farther farthest(只指距离)
further furthest(用处较广;参见F,G)
good better best
little less least
many/much more most
old elder eldest(仅指人)
older oldest(指人和物)
F farther/farthest和further/furthest
这些形式都可以指距离:
York is farther/further than Lincoln or Selby.
约克要比林肯市或赛尔比市远。
York is the farthest/furthest town.
约克是(离这里)最远的城市。
Yhrk is the farthest/furthest of the three.
约克是三个城市中(离这里)最远的一个。
(在最后一个句子中farthest/furthest是代名词。参见第24节B。)further同样可以指另外的/更多的,主要和抽象名词一起用:
Further supplies will soon be available.
很快会得到更多的供应。
Further discussion/debate would be pointless.
继续讨论/辩论是无意义的。
同理:
further enquiries/delays/demands/information/instructions
进一步(或更多的)询问/耽搁/要求/报导/指示
furthest同样可以和抽象名词连用来表示最远的:
This was the furthest point they reached in their discussion.
他们在讨论中最远就谈到这里。
This was the furthest concession he would make.
这是他肯做出的最大的让步。
(这四个词作副词的用法,参见第32节。)
G far和near(用于指距离)
与比较级和最高级连用时用法都较为灵活:
the farthest/furthest mountain最远的山
the nearest river最近的一条河
这两个形容词的原级用法比较有限。
far和near主要和bank(河岸),end(端,头),side(边),wall(墙)等连用:
the far bank河对岸,彼岸
the near bank你所在的一边的河岸,此岸
near还可以和east(东边)一起用构成the Near East(近东),
far可以和north,south,east以及west一起连用构成the farnorth(极北地带),the far south(极南的地方),the Far East(远东)以及the far west(极西部地带)等。
和其他名词连用时far常常被distant(远方的)/remote(遥远的)所代替,near常被nearby(附近的)/neighbouring(邻近的)所代替:a remote island(遥远的岛屿),the neighbouring vil-lage(邻村)。
H elder,eldest;older,oldest
elder和eldest主要表示的是长幼顺序而非年龄大小。主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系,如my elder brother(我的兄长/哥哥),her eldest boy/girl(她的长子/长女)。
但在than前不能用elder,只能用older:
He is older than I am.
他比我年龄大。
英语口语中eldest,oldest和youngest在只有两个男孩/女孩/孩子等时也经常使用:
His eldest boys at school;the other is still at home.
他的大儿子在上学,另一个还呆在家里。
eldest和oldest作代词时,也可以这样用在应当使用比较级的地方:
Tom is the eldest.
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