2011高考英语阅读理解汇编:科普知识类（江苏卷）

　　（2011江苏卷）A

　　We know the famous onesthe Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldnt we know who they are?

　　Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning whoinventedwhat, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to thewhy and how questions. According to Mclean,When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.

　　So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights ,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the winshield,she found hersefe wondering why there couldnt be a buolt-in devic for cleaing the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would contral an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper. Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgans traffic light. Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?

　　56.By mentionong traffic lightand windshield wiper,the author indicates that countless inventions are .

　　A.beneficial,because their inventors are famous

　　B. beneficial,though their inventors are less famous

　　C.not useful, because their inventors are less famous

　　D. not useful, though their inventors are famous

　　57.Professor Joan McLeans course aims to_____.

　　A. add colour and variety to students campus life

　　B. inform students of the windshield wipers invention

　　C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University

　　D. pre[are students to try theie own invention

　　58．Tommy Lees invention of the unbreakable umbrella was _________. A. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer B. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper C. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm D. not related to Professor Joan McLeans lectures

　　59. Which 0f the following can best serve as the title of this passage? A How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers? B How to Design a Built-in Dervice for Cleaning the Window? C Shouldnt We Know Who Inventd the Windshield Wiper? D Shouldnt We Develop Invention Courses in Universities? 56. B 推理判断题。根据第一段内容结合下文可推断，作者提到交通信号灯、雨刮器等发明，是想说无数的发明对人类十分有益，虽然它们的发明者没有太大的名气。

　　57. D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，John McLean教授开设这门课程的目的就是让学生有足够的准备去尝试自己发明东西。

　　58. B 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，Tommy Lee发明的不会折断的雨伞就是受到了雨刮器背后的故事的激励。

　　59. C 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章的第一段就是主题段，特别是第一段最后一句充分体现了作者想要表达的心声，接下来的内容都是围绕第一段展开并为第一段服务的。

　　（2011江苏卷）C

　　According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gig watts of electricity every year.Unfortunately,the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills(see picture)to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway,however,could help put them anywhere.

　　The project, called Hywind,is the worlds first large-scale deepwater wind turbine(涡轮发电机).Although it uses a fairly standard 152-ton,2.3-megawatt turbine,Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture),a technology Hywinds creator,the Norwegian company StatoilHydro,has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cable(缆索)；these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves.Hywinds stability(稳定性)in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.

　　To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but its difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spars to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox(变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see picture )

　　Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing offshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planets surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.

　　63. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of _______.

　　A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor

　　B. the spar which is floating in deep-sea water

　　C. the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind

　　D. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface

　　64. To balance a bigger turbine high on a flatting spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting ____________.

　　A. on the sea floor B. on the spar top

　　C. at sea level D. behind the blades

　　65. Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can ____________.

　　A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills

　　B. make financial profits by producing more turbines

　　C. settle the arguments about environmental problems

　　D. explore low-carbon power resources available at sea

　　63. B 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句可知，该工程采用了全新的技术，是为了确保漂浮在深海水域中的圆材的稳定。

　　64. C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，为了使较大的涡轮发电机能在圆材上保持平衡，公司计划设计新的发电机，其变速箱在海平面上。

　　65. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，深海风能技术的广泛应用可能会在海洋上开发出可使用的低碳能源。