中考英语：走出“主谓一致”的三大误区

误区一 误认主语

　　1. 倒装句

　　①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×）

　　②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)

　　[解析] 第①句谓语动词使用are，错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语，但实际上是介词between的宾语，一起构成介词短语，而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句，真正主语是a big tree.因此第②句正确。

　　特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构：副词/介词短语+谓语+主语

　　2. 主语之后带有介词短语

　　①The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. (×）

　　②The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. (√)

　　[解析] 第①句误认为apples, oranges是主语，因此谓语动词用are，而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语，like apples，oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit.该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。

　　特别提醒 类似的结构有：主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ，谓语动词应与主语一致，而与介词短语之后的名词无关。

　　3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词

　　①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×）

　　②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)

　　[解析] one of the boys的中心词是one，因此谓语动词用单数，造成第①句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。

　　4. 定语从句

　　①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×）

　　②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)

　　[解析] which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词the photos，而which本身就代替先行词the photos.因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质，只是从形式上看它是单数。

　　特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。

误区二 被主语的表象迷惑

　　误区二 被主语的表象迷惑

　　1. 看似复数却表单数概念

　　①Maths are my favourite subject. (×）

　　②Maths is my favourite subject. (√)

　　[解析] maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词，而不是一个复数名词，表示单数概念“数学”这一学科，因此第②句正确。

　　类似的有：physics，news，politics . . .

　　2. 看似单数却表复数概念

　　①The police is searching for the robbers. (×）

　　②The police are searching for the robbers. (√)

　　[解析] the police译为“警方”，表示复数概念，而不是表示“那个警察”，因此第②句正确，类似的词有：people，the +形容词，the +姓+family等均表复数概念。

　　3. 名词的单复数同形

　　①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ (×）

　　②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it？ (√)

　　[解析] sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词，由于sheep之前用的a little修饰，加上Can you see it中的it指代单数，因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”，因此第②句正确。如果将原题改为：There ________ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them？那又会怎么样呢。

　　特别提醒 类似的单复数形式相同的词还有fish, Chinese, Japanese等，要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。

　　4. 集合名词

　　①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×）

　　②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√)

　　[解析] family是一个集合名词，表示整体概念时谓语用单数，表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福，现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个family表示整体概念，译为“家庭”，第二个family表示个体概念，译为“家人”，第②句正确。

　　特别提醒 类似的还有group，class，team等既可表单数也可表复数。

误区三 误用语言规则

　　误区三 误用语言规则

　　1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语

　　①Ten years are quite a long time. (×）

　　②Ten years is quite a long time. (√)

　　[解析] 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词的复数作主语时看作一个整体，谓语动词要用单数，容易错误理解为复数而出现第①句的错误。

　　2. 由and连接的并列主语

　　①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×）

　　②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√)

　　[解析] the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念，译为“第20课即最后一课”，因此谓语动词应该用单数。同学们容易错误理解“第20课和最后一课”，如果表示两课，应该表达为“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。

　　特别提醒 由and连接的并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，表示不同的概念时谓语动词用复数。

　　3. 就近原则

　　①Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. (×）

　　②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. (√)

　　[解析] neither . . . nor连接的并列主语(you ， he)虽然表示两个人，但根据语言规则，当它连接并列主语的时候，谓语动词根据就近原则，该由he决定，因此第②句正确。

　　特别提醒 类似的还有either . . . or，not only . . . but also，not . . . but，以及there be之后的并列主语，谓语动词的确定都根据“就近原则”。

　　4. this kind of，a piece of，this pair of等短语作主语

　　①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×）

　　②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√)

　　[解析] trousers作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但当它被this pair of修饰时谓语动词由pair的单复数确定。因此第②句正确。

　　特别提醒 this kind of，a piece of，a bag of，a box of等，这类短语作主语时谓语动词的单复数由这些短语中的名词决定，而与它们所修饰的名词无关。

　　5. the rest of, half of等短语作主语

　　①Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×）

　　②Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√)

　　[解析] 根据句意和句子结构可以判断the rest of it中的it，指the work，而work是不可数名词，因此第②句正确。

　　特别提醒 all of，most of，half of，the rest of，以及a lot of，some，any+名词作主语时，要根据后面的名词确定谓语动词的单复数。

　　6. 一句话提示

　　①合成不定代词(如something，anybody等)作主语，谓语动词用单数；

　　②动名词、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数；

　　③a number of +名词(复)作主语，谓语用复数，the number of +名词(复)作主语，谓语用单数；

　　④none of . . . 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。

主谓一致金题精练

　　金题精练

　　根据句意，从所给出的选项中选出最佳答案。

　　1. The news _____ very worth listening to.

　　A. be B. is C. are D. am

　　2. —_____ this pair of glasses yours？

　　—No. My glasses _____ on the desk.

　　A. Is， is B. Are， is C. Is， are D. Are， are

　　3. The old _____ taken good care of in China now.

　　A. was B. are C. is D. were

　　4. Nobody except the twins ___ to Hongkong before.

　　A. have been B. have gone

　　C. has been D. has gone

　　5. —What’s on the plate？

　　—There _____ some rice on it.

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　6. Five years _____ since we met last.

　　A. have passed B. has past

　　C. has passed D. have pasted

　　7. Here _____ some flowers for you.

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　8. There __________ a number of teachers， but the number of women teachers ________ only thirty.

　　A. are， are B. are， is C. is， are D. is， is

　　9. Not only my uncle but also my parents _______ I am right.

　　A. think B. thank C. thinks D. are thinking

　　10. Doing morning exercises _____ good for our health.

　　A. be B. are C. is D. am

　　11. Everyone likes people who _____ ready to help others.

　　A. is B. are C. being D. was

　　12. The Smith family _____ making dumplings in the kitchen.

　　A. is B. are C. has been D. can

　　13. One third of the population in our city ______ farmers in the past.

　　A. are B. were C. is D. was

　　14. The headmaster and the teacher ______ coming to us now.

　　A. are B. is C. will D. am

　　15. Tom as well as his friends _____ skating every Saturday.

　　A. are B. is C. go D. goes

　　(Keys： 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D)